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If you would like to ask a space question, please have your grown-up send it to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com. If you would like your name included with the question, please include its pronunciation.

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Have your folks send your questions to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com 🚀 Please consider leaving a rating and review. It helps the podcast reach the ears of more science-loving kids and their families!

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Have your folks send your questions to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com 🚀 Please consider leaving a rating and review. It helps the podcast reach the ears of more science-loving kids and their families!

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Here is a fun espiode from SciShow that I wrote on the topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPmlHD8xmCQ

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Have your folks send your questions to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com 🚀 Please consider leaving a rating and review. It helps the podcast reach the ears of more science-loving kids and their families!

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Show Notes:

1. Introduction:

• Define terraforming and its goal of making Mars more Earth-like.
• Acknowledge Alice's intriguing question as the episode's starting point.

2. Mars' Earth-like Traits:

• Highlight Mars' similarities to Earth in terms of elements, composition, tilt, and day length.
• Emphasize why Mars is a prime candidate for terraforming.

3. Challenges and Solutions:

• Discuss the challenges of Mars' thin atmosphere, extreme cold, and dryness.
• Explain the importance of thickening Mars' atmosphere to retain heat and water.

4. Feasibility and Importance:

• Address the realism of terraforming Mars, mentioning the need for advanced technology.
• Highlight the significance of terraforming as an opportunity to expand our knowledge of Earth and space.

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1. Introduction to the Mystery:

• Welcome to "Found In Space," where Ted poses an intriguing question about the formation of space.
• Acknowledgment of the perpetual mysteries in science and the ongoing quest for knowledge.

2. What is Space?:

• Acknowledging the concept of space as a fundamental aspect of the universe.
• Reflecting on the challenges of defining and understanding the essence of space.

3. Studying the Universe Through Light:

• Explaining the role of light in studying the universe.
• Highlighting the time-traveling nature of observing distant celestial bodies.
• Discussing the concept of light years and its connection to the age of observed phenomena.

4. The Expanding Universe and Dark Energy:

• Delving into the idea of the universe expanding over time.
• Introducing the concept of dark energy as the mysterious force behind the accelerated expansion.
• Expressing the current lack of understanding about why and how dark energy operates.

5. Embracing the Ongoing Mystery:

• Encouraging curiosity and emphasizing the joy of continual discovery.
• Concluding with a call for questions and topics from listeners, emphasizing the value of all inquiries.
• Reminding listeners that there are no "dumb" questions, and learning is a journey of exploration.

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1. Introduction to Solar Eclipses:

• Warm welcome to "Found In Space," addressing the upcoming solar eclipses.
• Explanation of the rarity and geographic specificity of solar eclipses.
• Teasing the excitement of witnessing these celestial events.

2. Solar and Lunar Dynamics:

• Differentiating between solar and lunar eclipses.
• Illuminating the mechanics of lunar reflection and its impact on lunar eclipses.
• Discussing the Earth-Moon-Sun relationship and the moon's orbit.

3. The Mechanics of Solar Eclipses:

• Detailing the occurrence of a solar eclipse when the Moon obstructs sunlight.
• Highlighting the unique experience of daytime turning into a brief night.
• Emphasizing Earth's special conditions for total solar eclipses.

4. Types of Solar Eclipses and Viewing Safety:

• Enumerating partial, total, and annular solar eclipses.
• Emphasizing the importance of eye protection during solar eclipse observation.
• Informing about the upcoming annular eclipse on October 14th, 2023.

5. Global Opportunities for Observing Eclipses:

• Encouraging global listeners to seize opportunities to witness eclipses.
• Mentioning the 2024 total eclipse path through North America.
• Recognizing listeners in Australia and India and their eclipse opportunities.

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1. Introduction:

• Greeting listeners to "Found In Space," a science podcast.
• Posing the question about "strange matter" in astrophysics.

2. Fundamental Particles:

• Defining matter and its composition, from molecules to quarks.
• Highlighting up and down quarks' prevalence in everyday substances.

3. Quark Diversity and Neutron Stars:

• Exploring quark flavors, including strange, charm, top, and bottom.
• Discussing neutron stars as remnants of massive star collapses.
• Describing extreme conditions within neutron stars, emphasizing compact size and density.

4. Speculation on Strange Matter:

• Presenting the theoretical concept of "strange matter" under intense pressures.
• Discussing potential stability and transformative effects.
• Acknowledging speculative nature, emphasizing the need for further exploration.

5. Scientific Inquiry and Exploration:

• Encouraging scientific curiosity and exploration.
• Closing remarks on the fascination of learning and staying curious about space and science.

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1. What a Meteorite?:

• Introduction to meteorites as rocks from space.
• Explanation of the word "meteorite" and its connection to meteors.

2. The Terminology of Space Rocks:

• Clarification of key terms: meteor, meteoroid, asteroid, and comet.
• Meteoroids as leftover materials from the solar system's formation.

3. Meteorites as Time Capsules:

• Insights into the early solar system provided by meteorites.
• Preservation of original materials, making them "fossils" from the past.

4. Challenges in Meteorite Study:

• Explanation of the challenges meteorites face during atmospheric entry.
• Changes on the outside of meteorites due to atmospheric entry.

5. Osiris Rex Mission and Ongoing Research:

• Introduction to the Osiris Rex mission to asteroid Bennu and its return to Earth.
• Importance of missions like Osiris Rex in studying pristine space materials.
• The mission's extended mission, now known as OSIRIS APEX, to study asteroid Apophis.

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1. Space Sciences: An Umbrella Term:

• Explanation that "space sciences" is an umbrella term encompassing various fields related to space.
• Comparison with the broader term "science," which includes multiple branches like chemistry, physics, and biology.

2. Astronomy: The Study of Celestial Objects:

• Description of astronomy as one of the oldest sciences, focused on studying celestial objects, including stars and celestial bodies.

3. Astrophysics: Applying Physics to Space:

• Introduction to astrophysics as a 19th-century field combining astronomy and physics to understand the properties and processes of celestial objects.

4. Cosmology: Studying the Universe as a Whole:

• Explanation of cosmology as the scientific study of the universe, examining its origins, evolution, and large-scale properties.
• Distinction between scientific cosmology and religious cosmology.

5. Planetary Science and Astrobiology:

• Overview of planetary science, a newer field focused on studying planets, their processes, geology, and atmospheres.
• Introduction to astrobiology, which explores the conditions for life's existence on other planets and the origins of life on Earth.

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1. Introduction to Plate Tectonics:

• Plate tectonics explained as the movement of large sections of a planet's crust.
• Mention of listener's question about tectonic plates on other planets.

2. Structure of Solid Planets:

• Explanation of the layers within solid planets: crust, mantle, and core.
• Description of the core's extreme heat and the mantle's slow movement.

3. Earth's Unique Tectonics:

• Detailed account of Earth's dynamic plate tectonics with plates shifting, colliding, and subducting.
• Mention of how plate tectonics result in geological features like mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes.

4. Tectonics on Other Planets:

• Discussion of tectonic activity on Mars, explaining the presence of rift valleys.
• Exploration of tectonics on the Moon and the absence of active plates.
• Mention of the mystery surrounding Venus's lack of visible plate tectonics and its extreme surface conditions.

5. Astrogeology and Conclusion:

• Introduction to astrogeology as the study of geology beyond Earth.
• Invitation for listener questions and topics for future episodes.

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• Introduction to Rogue Planets:

  • The episode begins with the intriguing question of whether planets must orbit stars. A discussion unfolds, revealing that there i a unique type of planet called "rogue planets" or "orphaned planets" that don't orbit stars; they roam freely in the galaxy.

• Defining Planets and Stellar Formation:

  • An exploration of what defines a planet, focusing on the importance of mass and gravity in shaping celestial bodies into spherical forms and generating internal movement, such as convection.

• Planetary Formation Theories:

  • Discussion of two main theories on how planets form: the gravitational collapse of material in large clouds and the accretion of smaller objects into larger ones. This provides context for understanding how rogue planets might come into existence.

• Detecting Rogue Planets:

  • Insight into the challenges of detecting rogue planets, as they don't orbit stars and can't be observed through the usual methods used for exoplanets. Techniques such as gravitational lensing and infrared observations are explained.

• The Prevalence of Rogue Planets:

  • Highlighting the ongoing discoveries of rogue planets and the uncertainty surrounding their abundance in the galaxy. Some estimates suggest there might be hundreds of rogue planets for every star in the Milky Way.

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• Introduction to Earth's Tilt:

  • Listener's intriguing question about why Earth is tilted on its axis leads to a fascinating exploration of our planet's tilt and its significance.

• Comparing Earth's Tilt to the Solar System:

  • Understanding that Earth's tilt is in relation to its orbit around the Sun, not absolute directions in space. Most globes represent this tilt to demonstrate Earth's orientation.

• The Tilt and Seasons:

  • Delving into how Earth's tilt, not its proximity to the Sun, drives the changing seasons. Earth's slight axial tilt causes different parts of the planet to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.

• Theories on Earth's Tilt Origins:

  • Exploring theories about Earth's tilt, including the hypothesis that a colossal collision between Earth (then Proto Earth) and another planet, named Theia, was possibly responsible for the tilt.

• Tilts Across the Solar System:

  • Comparing Earth's tilt to those of other planets in the solar system, including the extreme tilts of Venus and Uranus, and how studying these planetary tilts offers insights into the history of our solar system.

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• Introduction:

  • Podcast: Found In Space - Kids & Teens Science
  • Episode Title: Voyager Missions: Journey to the Stars
  • Host: Arwen Hubbard
  • Release Date: September 6, 2023
  • Summary: Arwen delves into the iconic Voyager missions, two spacecraft that have journeyed far beyond our solar system, providing insights into their remarkable voyage.

• 1. The Legendary Voyager Missions:

  • Introduction to the Voyager missions.
  • Their status as among the most famous space missions ever.
  • Active duration of 46 years in space as of September 2023.

• 2. NASA's Dual Mission Strategy:

  • NASA's approach to spacecraft design in the 1970s.
  • Building duplicate spacecraft for the same mission.
  • The example of the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity.

• 3. Planetary Alignments and Mission Opportunities:

  • Solar system dynamics and planet positions.
  • Special planetary alignment in the 1970s for the Voyager missions.
  • A rare opportunity to visit multiple outer planets in a single mission.

• 4. Voyager Mission Targets:

  • Target planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
  • Remarkable discoveries, including Saturn's ring system and Enceladus geysers.
  • The original intention to explore Pluto.

• 5. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2: Different Paths:

  • Distinct mission trajectories of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.
  • Voyager 1's trajectory towards interstellar space.
  • Voyager 2's encounters with Uranus and Neptune.

• 6. Pioneering Interstellar Exploration:

  • Voyager spacecraft's transition to studying the heliosphere.
  • The heliosphere as the region influenced by the Sun's magnetic field.
  • Crossing into interstellar space and clarifying "leaving the solar system."

• 7. Voyager's Golden Records: Messages to the Stars:

  • Inclusion of the Voyager Golden Records.
  • Features of the Golden Records, including music, greetings, and Earth's location.
  • The possibility of distant civilizations discovering the records.

• Conclusion:

  • The enduring mission of the Voyagers.
  • Reflecting on the profound idea of future civilizations encountering the spacecraft.
  • Gratitude to listeners for exploring space and science together.
  • Encouragement to submit questions or topics for future episodes.

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Introduction:

• Release Date: September 4, 2023
• Episode Summary: In this episode, Arwen answers two intriguing questions about the chemical composition of gas planets like Jupiter and Saturn and whether gas dwarf planets exist. Dive into the world of elements, molecules, and exotic celestial bodies.

1. Building Blocks of Matter:

• Introduction to the concept of atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter.
• Explanation of elements and their role as the basic constituents of everything.
• Comparison of elements to versatile Lego blocks that can be combined in various ways to create different substances.

2. Chemical Composition of Gas Planets:

• Discussion on the primary chemicals found in gas planets, focusing on Jupiter and Saturn.
• Clarification of the dual meaning of "gas" in space science, referring to both the state of matter and a specific type of chemical.
• Emphasis on hydrogen and helium as the dominant elements in gas giants, making up 99% of their composition.

3. Gas Giants: More than Gas:

• Explanation of the misconception that gas giants are entirely gaseous.
• Description of the layered structure of gas giants, where the outer layers consist of gas while the inner regions transition into a hot liquid due to intense pressure.
• Insights into the presence of other elements, such as iron and nickel, deeper within these planets.

4. The Mysterious Ice Giants:

• Brief mention of Uranus and Neptune, known as the ice giants, despite their misleading names.
• Explanation of how the ice giants share a similar layered structure with gas giants, featuring gas at the top and liquid deeper inside.
• Highlighting the extreme temperatures at the cores of these planets.

5. Exoplanets: A Variety of Worlds:

• Introduction to the study of exoplanets, planets outside our solar system.
• Mention of the diverse exoplanets discovered, including gas giants similar to those in our solar system.
• Exploration of the possibility of gas dwarf planets and the challenges of their detection with current technology.

6. Planet Classification and Evolving Understanding:

• Discussion on the evolving understanding of planetary classification, including terms like dwarf gas giants, mini Neptunes, and super Earths.
• Insight into the dynamic nature of space science terminology as new discoveries reshape our knowledge.
• Enthusiastic encouragement for listeners to send in questions and topics for future episodes.

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Show Notes

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Counting Stars, Planets, and Galaxies
• Host: Arwen Hubbard
• Release Date: September 1, 2023
• Episode Summary: In this episode, host Arwen addresses a stellar question about estimating the number of stars, planets, galaxies, and nebulae in the universe. The episode delves into the complex challenge of counting celestial objects and sheds light on the evolving understanding of the universe's vastness.

1. The Cosmic Puzzle:

• Introduction to the episode's focus on estimating the quantities of celestial objects.
• Explanation of the analogy between space exploration and assembling a puzzle.
• Highlighting the challenge of piecing together the puzzle without knowing the final image.

2. Stars, Planets, and Galaxies:

• Discussion on the difficulty of determining the exact numbers of stars, planets, and galaxies.
• Mention of the evolving knowledge with advances in technology and observation.
• Explanation of how telescopes expanded our understanding of planets beyond those visible to the naked eye.

3. The Mystery of Exoplanets:

• Introduction to the concept of exoplanets and their discovery using telescopes.
• Discussion on the limitations of current methods for detecting exoplanets.
• Mention of the prevalence of large exoplanets close to their stars.

4. Calculating Stellar Numbers:

• Explanation of methods used to estimate the number of stars in our galaxy.
• Discussion on counting stars within observable sections of the sky.
• Mention of using luminosity to estimate the total number of stars.

5. A Crowded Universe:

• Presentation of the emerging picture of a densely populated universe.
• Mention of trillions of stars, planets, galaxies, and nebulae.
• Emphasis on the ongoing work of space scientists, particularly astronomers, to uncover the universe's secrets.

Conclusion:

• Recap of the exploration into the estimation of celestial objects.
• Gratitude for the insightful question and to the listeners for engaging in space and science discussions.
• Encouragement for listeners to submit their questions and topics for future episodes.
• Farewell message, inviting listeners to stay curious and embrace the mysteries of the universe.

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Certainly, here's a condensed version of the show notes with five sections:

Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: "Why Does NASA Still Send Landers?"

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Why Does NASA Still Send Landers?
• Host: Arwen Hubbard
• Release Date: August 30, 2023
• Episode Summary: In this episode, host Arwen explores the importance of NASA's lander missions in planetary exploration. The episode delves into the different types of robotic missions, the value of flybys, orbiters, landers, and rovers, and why NASA continues to utilize landers for studying other planets.

1. Types of Robotic Missions:

• Introduction to the focus on robotic missions for planetary exploration.
• Explanation of the main mission types: flybys, orbiters, landers, and rovers.

2. The Role of Lander Missions:

• Explanation of the significance of lander missions in planetary exploration.
• Discussion on why some early missions were flybys due to technical limitations.
• Addressing the challenge of slowing down fast-moving crafts for orbit.

3. Importance of Gathered Data:

• Highlighting the value of the data collected from flyby and lander missions.
• Discussing the surprising discoveries and dispelling preconceived notions.
• Mention of examples like New Horizons and the Kuiper Belt.

4. Rover Missions and Beyond:

• Explanation of the capabilities and limitations of rover missions.
• Mentioning slow mobility and remote control operation due to signal delay.
• Introduction to Ingenuity, the drone on the Perseverance rover, and its historic flight.

5. Balancing Costs and Objectives:

• Addressing the question of why NASA still uses landers for missions.
• Case study of InSight on Mars and its specialized objectives.
• Highlighting the balance between costs, complexity, and mission goals.

Conclusion:

• Recap of the episode's exploration of lander missions.
• Encouragement for listeners to submit questions and topics for future episodes.
• Farewell message, inviting listeners to stay curious and explore the universe.

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Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: "How Does the Artemis Program Work?"

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: How Does the Artemis Program Work?
• Host: Arwen Hubbard
• Release Date: August 28, 2023

Episode Summary: Host Arwen delves into the exciting Artemis program, NASA's initiative to return humans to the Moon and establish a sustainable presence there. She explains the concept of space programs, highlights the significance of Artemis, and breaks down the program's goals, missions, and potential impact on space exploration. The episode also discusses the Apollo program and other key details related to Artemis.

1. Introduction to Space Programs and Apollo:

• Definition of a space program as a large-scale project with specific goals and missions.
• Mention of the iconic Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon in the 1960s and 70s.
• Discussion of the Apollo program's achievements in sending missions to the Moon and safely bringing back astronauts.

2. The Artemis Program and Its Goals:

• Introduction to the Artemis program as NASA's new initiative for Moon exploration.
• Explanation of the program's objective: returning humans to the Moon and establishing a sustainable presence.
• Comparison of Apollo's lunar visits to Artemis' plans for moon bases and long-term presence.

3. The Lunar Gateway and Its Significance:

• Introduction to the Lunar Gateway, a space station planned to orbit the Moon.
• Comparison with the International Space Station (ISS) and the decommissioning timeline for ISS.
• Highlighting the Lunar Gateway's potential for human habitation, research, and exploration.

4. Artemis Missions and Their Progress:

• Explanation of the Artemis missions and their sequence.
• Description of Artemis I as an uncrewed mission around the Moon, testing the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion capsule.
• Discussion of cubesats deployed during Artemis I and their role in various experiments.
• Preview of Artemis II, a crewed mission to orbit the Moon with diverse crew members.

5. Artemis III and Beyond:

• Anticipation for Artemis III, the mission aiming to land humans on the Moon's surface.
• Reflection on the historic nature of Artemis III and its potential for setting up lunar bases.
• Personal excitement for future exploration missions to Mars, Venus, and beyond.

Closing Remarks:

• Gratitude for the question and exploration of the Artemis program.
• Encouragement for listeners to send in questions and topics for further discussions.
• Farewell message, wishing listeners a passion for space exploration and curiosity.

Stay Curious! To contribute questions or topics, please use the provided email address in the description.

[End of Show Notes]

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Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Black Hole Stars: The Quasistars
• Host: Arwen Hubbard
• Release Date: August 25, 2023

Episode Summary: Host Arwen dives into the intriguing topic of black hole stars, also known as quasistars. She discusses the concept, formation, and potential existence of these unique objects that could have played a role in the early universe. The episode explores the intricate interplay between gravity, fusion, and black holes, shedding light on how these objects might have formed.

1. Introduction to Quasistars:

• Source of the topic: Miss Healy and her space-loving friend.
• Explanation of the term "quasistar" as something nearly a star but not quite.
• Highlighting the potential existence of these objects in the early universe.
• Discussion about the speculative nature of quasistars and their current absence in the observable universe.

2. Formation and Nature of Quasistars:

• Describing a quasistar as a massive sphere of luminous material with a black hole at its core.
• Emphasis on the significant mass requirement, needing to be millions of times the mass of the Sun.
• Exploration of the origin of quasistars in densely packed areas of the early universe.
• Explanation of gravity's role in pulling matter together and creating massive objects.

3. The Lifecycle of Stars:

• Overview of how stars form from collapsing material and achieve fusion in their cores.
• Detailed explanation of fusion and its role in generating energy within stars.
• Illustration of the balance between fusion's outward push and gravity's inward pull.
• Mention of massive stars eventually running out of fusion fuel and collapsing under gravity's force.

4. Formation of Black Hole Stars and Their Potential Role:

• Clarification of the fate of massive stars collapsing into black holes.
• Hypothetical scenario of a massive star collapsing around a black hole's core.
• Explanation of how material falling into the black hole generates energy, akin to fusion.
• Speculation about black hole stars' existence in the early universe and potential links to the formation of supermassive black holes at galactic centers.

5. Duration and Exploration:

• Discussion of the short duration of black hole stars, likely lasting only a few million years.
• Comparison of this timescale to cosmic times and the universe's evolution.
• Acknowledgment that the existence of quasistars is still a mystery and subject to ongoing research.
• Hopeful perspective on uncovering more about these objects through future observations and studies.

Closing Remarks:

• Gratitude to the listeners and question contributors for their curiosity.
• Encouragement for listeners to send in more questions and topics for exploration.
• Farewell message, wishing listeners clear skies and a continued passion for learning.

Stay Curious! To contribute questions or topics, please email FoundInSpacePodcast@gmail.com

[End of Show Notes]

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Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: What Part of the Milky Way Do We See?

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Navigating the Milky Way: Our Galactic Address
• Host: Arwen
• Release Date: August 23, 2023

Episode Summary: Host Arwen delves into a listener's question about the Milky Way's appearance in the night sky, explaining how the galaxy's structure and Earth's orbit contribute to what we observe. She introduces the concept of constellations and discusses the Milky Way's position in different seasons.

1. Isaac's Inquiry:

• Listener's question: Is the Milky Way we see in the night sky part of the spiral arm we're in or another spiral arm? Does it have a name?

2. Galactic Overview:

• Analogy comparing galaxies to cities: Stars as buildings, creating a vast structure held together by gravity.
• Introduction to the Milky Way's spiral structure with arms and other components.
• Explanation of the Milky Way's classification as a spiral galaxy.

3. Milky Way's Spiral Arms and Constellations:

• Naming of the Milky Way after its appearance in the night sky resembling spilled milk.
• Description of the Milky Way's central disk and the arms spiraling out from it.
• Introduction to the Perseus arm and the Scutum Centaurus arm as the main arms.
• Explanation of constellations and their naming from Greek and Roman mythology.
• Circumpolar constellations (e.g., Big Dipper) visible throughout the year.

4. Earth's Orbit, Seasons, and Milky Way Views:

• Relating the Earth's orbit to its rotation, creating day and night cycles.
• Mention of Earth's axial tilt leading to the changing of seasons.
• Connection between Earth's position in orbit and the visibility of constellations.
• Explanation of Milky Way visibility changes in different seasons.
• Highlighting the Milky Way's appearance in August and September, facing the center of the galaxy (Sagittarius) for more Milky Way visibility.
• Description of how in six months, during winter in the Northern Hemisphere, we face away from the galaxy's center (Perseus arm), resulting in a narrower view of the Milky Way.

Closing Remarks:

• Expressing gratitude to Isaac for the engaging question and exploration of galaxy concepts.
• Encouragement for listeners to send in questions for future podcast episodes.
• Farewell message, wishing listeners clear skies and continued curiosity.

Stay Curious!

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Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: "Animals in Space: Exploring the Cosmos"

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Animals in Space: Exploring the Cosmos
• Host: Arwen
• Release Date: August 20, 2023

Episode Summary: Host Arwen delves into the history of animals in space exploration, discussing the animals sent into space, their purpose, and the importance of studying them for future space colonization.

1. Animal Space Inquiry:

• Listener Rami's question: What animals have been in space, like dogs, and why are they sent into space?

2. Pioneering Animal Spaceflights:

• Overview of early animal spaceflights; fruit flies sent in 1947 via V-2 rocket.
• Background on repurposed missiles for space exploration pre-NASA era.

3. Animal Participants and Outcomes:

• Discussion of animals sent into space: Laika the dog, Miss Baker the squirrel monkey, and Ham the chimp.
• Comparison between Soviet and U.S. space programs' animal experiments.

4. Animal Research in Modern Space Exploration:

• Transition to modern animal research using mice due to mammal similarities.
• Experiments involving spiders' web weaving and mice reproduction in microgravity.
• Importance of studying animals to ensure human safety in future space colonization.

5. Ecosystem Role and Future Colonization:

• Recognizing the role of animals in space ecosystems for food, soil health, and overall system balance.
• Necessity of bringing diverse life forms for survival on Moon, Mars, or space stations.
• Encouragement for questions and topics from listeners via provided email.

Closing Remarks:

• Arwen expresses gratitude for the engaging topic.
• Thanking listeners for joining and promoting curiosity in space and science.

Stay Curious!

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Have your folks send your questions to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com 🚀 Please consider leaving a rating and review. It helps the podcast reach the ears of more science-loving kids and their families!

Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: "How Do We Find Out How Fast Planets Spin?"

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: How Do We Find Out How Fast Planets Spin?
• Host: Arwen
• Release Date: August 18, 2023

Episode Summary: Host Arwen explores how scientists determine planetary rotation speeds, from nearby planets to distant exoplanets, and why it matters.

1. Question of Planetary Rotation:

• "How do we find out how fast planets spin?"

2. Observing Rotation:

• Telescopes observe nearby planets like Mars using visible light
• Earth's rotation and thick atmospheres like Venus pose challenges.

3. Studying Exoplanets:

• Methods for distant exoplanet study include observing star behavior and light-blocking effects.

4. Analyzing Light Reflection:

• Arwen explains light reflection on planetary surfaces, tracking feature appearance to measure rotation.

5. Doppler Spectroscopy & Conclusion:

• Introduction to Doppler spectroscopy
• Understanding rotation informs climate and history study.
• Listener interaction encouraged for future topics.
• Arwen thanks listeners, emphasizes curiosity in space and science.

Stay Curious! Tune in to Found In Space for more, and send questions to FoundInSpacePodcast@gmail.com

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Show Notes: Found In Space - Episode: "Gravity and Light: Exploring Black Holes"

Introduction:

• Podcast: Found In Space - Science Podcast for Kids and Teens
• Episode Title: Gravity and Light: Exploring Black Holes
• Host: Arwen
• Release Date: August 14, 2023

Episode Summary: Arwen takes on a listener's questions about black holes, dissecting the relationship between gravity, light, and escape velocity.

1. Questions on Black Holes:

• "Does a black hole's gravity surpass light's speed? And how does supermassive black hole gravity differ?"

2. Unpacking Gravity:

• Black holes as gravity-intensive regions; need escape velocity surpassing light's speed.
• Explanation of the singularity's density warping spacetime and causing strong gravity.

3. Light's Role Near Black Holes:

• Light's behavior near the event horizon (Schwarzschild radius); escape is possible if not crossed.
• All light forms, including the invisible spectrum, travel at equal speed.

4. The Inverse Square Law:

• Introduction to law governing light and gravity's intensity over distance.
• Intensity weakens as distance from source increases.

5. Comparing Black Holes and Wrap-up:

• Comparing black holes based on mass and proximity to gauge gravity strength.
• Math as a tool for understanding; listener engagement encouraged.
• Gratitude to Benji, listeners, and curiosity in space and science promoted.

Stay Curious! Tune in to Found In Space and send questions via email to FoundInSpacePodcast@gmail.com

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This episode is also available as a video: https://youtu.be/ERFOkiPDRh4

Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-magellan-data-reveals-volcanic-activity-on-venus

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Please consider leaving a rating and review. It helps the podcast reach more ears!

---------------------------------------------------

Send questions to FoundInSpacePodcast@gmail.com

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Horizon
Astronomical Unit
Light Year
Speed of Light
Galaxy
Laniakea

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For advanced readers, parents, and educators interested in exploring this idea more here are a few resources to get started with:

Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103521004206 (This paper gives an excellent overview of the history and current usage of the term planet.)

Geophysical Planet Definition: https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/1448.pdf

News article about planetary scientist letter to IAU: https://spaceref.com/press-release/planetary-scientists-and-astronomers-oppose-new-planet-definition/

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The episode on finding exoplanets: https://www.arwenhubbard.com/podcasts/found-in-space-a-science-podcast-for-kids-and-teens/episodes/2147842696

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---------

If you would like to ask a space question, please have your folks send it to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com. If you want your name included with the question, please include its pronunciation.

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Another name for alien is extraterrestrial life, which means life from beyond Earth. Astrobiology is the study and search for this life. This week's episode will elaborate on what a planet requires to accommodate life.

Tune in!

During this episode, you will learn about:

[00:01] Episode introduction

[00:18] Today's question: are aliens real?

[01:36] Defining Astrobiology and its meaning

[03:52] What to look for in a living environment

[04:04] Characteristics of living environments on Earth

[07:07] Habitable zone

[07:42] Does life elsewhere have to be the same as that found on Earth?

[09:42] Possible presence of life within the solar system

Characteristics of living environments on Earth

• Presence of liquid water
• Presence of carbon
• Presence of energy

Don't forget to Review, Like, and Share!

Let's Connect!

Connect with Arwen Hubbard on:

• Email: FoundInSpacePodcast@gmail.com

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What are stars? Why are they different colors? And how does fusion work?

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This episode we explore Saturn and rings. We look at what rings are, which objects have them, and how we think they may have formed. We also introduce the idea of spectroscopy and how we can learn about objects' compositions from a distance.

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Techniques for Finding Far-Away Exoplanets

One of the most exciting topics ever is exploring space. You get to feed your curiosity concerning interesting topics such as the emergence of new planets and the exploration of distant regions in space. Today's topic discusses the various techniques used to study exoplanets. Exoplanets are planets outside our solar system orbiting around other stars. Most of these techniques involve studying a patch of the sky for a long time and observing the behavior of the stars.

Tune in!

During this episode, you will learn about the following:

[00:01] Episode introduction

[00:25] Today's topic: How to find far-away exoplanets

[00:41] What is an exoplanet?

[01:51] Defining a light year

[02:44] Techniques for finding exoplanets

[03:14] #1Transit (eclipse) method; focuses on how bright the star is

[06:14] #2 Wobble (radio velocity) method; focuses on the color of the star

[06:33] Red-shift and blue-shift

[09:18] Advanced NASA telescopes can be used to observe stars and planets orbiting it

[10:24] Episode recap

[10:37] The future in finding exoplanets

Notable Quotes

• "In order to get to exoplanets, we would have to travel for hundreds or thousands of light years." [01:31]
• "Planets, although they are big compared to a human, compared to a star, planets are really small." [02:32]
• "We know how close the planet is to the star because of how long it takes to go around it, and we know how big the planet is." [05:25]
• "We have to watch for a long time if we want to find planets far away from the star." [05:45]
• "When objects giving off light move away from the observer, that light seems slightly redder than when the object is standing still. And when it's moving towards us, that light looks a little bit bluer than it would if it stayed still." [06:33]
• "When planets orbit their stars, they are tugging on their stars." [07:20]

Let's Connect!

• Email: FoundingSpacePodcast@gmail.com
• Website: https://www.arwenhubbard.com/

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Ask Your Question:

If you w to ask a space question, please have your grown-up send it to FoundinSpacePodcast@gmail.com. If you want your name included with the question, please include its pronunciation.

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