###Discussion points include:

• Josh's childhood Snoopy slippers;
• Molly's childhood "Happy Tape";
• the Rankin-Bass classic, "The Monster Who Had A Toothache";
• distracting your children with a Hawaiian Ice machine so you can finish your margarita;
• why Korky was asked to leave Catholic high school;
• "The Josh Cagan Show," an actual show that actually happened;
• Molly recites a poem to her grandfather & Josh eats a dog biscuit.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

• RCA SelectaVision VideoDisc (RIP);
• a pile of kid bones inside a general store;
• Easy Rider & MAS*H references… you know, for the kids!
• America's new favorite game: "Is That A Lump?";
• Spearmint Suzy, who never found an audience;
• Dunderson Gunderfoot & other reasons to get picked on at camp;
• multiple kinds of adults in the PAU: Lumps, Brittles, & Crisps™;
• the single worst rendition of "She'll Be Comin' Round The Mountain" ever released to the public;
• Ken Plume finally slings a reference over everybody's head;
• Molly finally greets Snoopy Bullshit with open arms.

Editor's note: If Peppermint Patty's mishandling of the democratic process reminded you at all of current events, make sure you're registered to vote!

• international sports star Caitlyn Jenner;
• the expansion of Charlie Brown's wardrobe;
• a refreshing departure from everyone just taking a dump in Charlie Brown's mouth;
• "The PN," our dark gritty reboot of The Peanuts;
• the Igloo Australia / Men In Black / Erase-O-Matic things;
• Freddy Fabulous From Fremont & The Fosbury Flop;
• a future in scandalous entertaining for concerning adults.

Franki Butler is an LA-based TV writer, and has written for NBC's THE NIGHT SHIFT and History's Emmy-nominated GENIUS. She can be found at @FrankiTheB on Twitter and Instagram, and has a very cool purse that doubles as a cooler for wine.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

You're The Greatest, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on the Peanuts 1970's DVD collection, volume 2.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

###Discussion topics:

• egg milk: what is it??;
• how to "under-dogify" your dog;
• why it is so hard to recreate dream logic in any medium;
• getting technical about harpy boobage;
• knowing neither when to hold 'em, nor when to fold 'em;
• the platonic relationships we have with our pets;
• Madame Cher's Parlour Of Hoochie-Coo & Flakin' The Nuggets;
• resigning yourself to the idea that you've raised sociopaths;
• an all-new totally bonkers fan theory that contains Meatlump Theory.

Manuel Gonzales is the author of the novel The Regional Office is Under Attack! and the acclaimed story collection The Miniature Wife, winner of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction and the John Gardner Fiction Book Award. A graduate of the Columbia University Creative Writing Program, he teaches writing at the University of Kentucky and the Institute of American Indian Arts. He has published fiction and nonfiction in Open City, Fence, One Story, Esquire, McSweeney’s Quarterly Concern, and The Believer.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

What a Nightmare, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on the Peanuts 1970's DVD collection, volume 2.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

• being personally offended by humidity;
• feminizing gendered signifiers in the Peanuts AU;
• the second Brazil reference of the season;
• Mandatory Smooching Day in 7 Year-Old Land;
• grade school square dances and other theme days;
• a blur of conscripted smooches.

Maurene Goo is the author of several acclaimed books for young adults, including I Believe in a Thing Called Love and (her latest) The Way You Make Me Feel. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband and cat, Maeby. maurenegoo.com

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on Amazon.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

• using your blandishing budget to show children planting trees;
• the Showgirls of the Peanuts AU;
• the concept of victory gardens (and other hot WWII references);
• a brief tangent about old timey margarine;
• lump locomotion & the lump-industrial complex;
• the Peanuts AU's Shyamalan-like roots;
• sports that we would watch trees play (other than baseball);
• Charlie Brown's cameo in 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Ken Plume is the host of his own podcast, A Bit Of A Chat With Ken Plume. Listen to his chat with Molly about whatever and his chat with Josh about the new Monkees album.

• Rerun: the Scrappy Doo of the Peanuts universe;
• a display of despicable childhood behavior;
• Joe Cool is a dog with sunglasses, but not every dog with sunglasses is Joe Cool;
• another victory for women's lib!
• that time Josh was dropped off a clip (and was fine);
• Jeff Bezos's secret plan to beat the Mariners at baseball;
• Ken Burns's "It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown";
• a young Josh Cagan invents the standing desk.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on the Peanuts 1970s Vol. 2 DVD collection. (Amazon)

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

[note from management] We recorded this episode through a yet-unnamed intermediary app, and some syllables of our conversation got totally meatlumped. We're not sure what it means or how to fix it, so you'll just have to pick it up from context clues. Also, this episode is like 2 hours long, so you can thank this weird sound lump for shaving seconds off your listening time. You're welcome?

Synopsis:

A boy gets a concussion, and is placed in a kennel. Also, a dog reads pornography.

###Discussion points

• an arpeggiated synth bass line that drills a hole in your head;
• what a whoop-di-doo is, structurally;
• John McEnroe's abandoned Motocross career (#tennisrage);
• Linus VanPelt as every dude on the internet;
• pornographic magazines for dogs;
• the things people did just feel something during WWII;
• resting crab face;
• being trapped in the aftershow dimension;
• one of the worst things Josh has ever seen (including a movie called Devil Fetus);
• A LITERAL QUIZ!

Kathleen DeVere (@Kathleen_LRR) can be found performing & streaming with LoadingReadyRun. Check out her previous guest appearance on this show (It's A Mystery, Charlie Brown), or her permanent hosting appearance on her new show The Panalysts on YouTube.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

• baffling personalities & try-hards;
• choking on privilege & dying of honor;
• how great it would be to get a rose from a boy, whichever boy, it doesn't matter;
• balloons, anonymous roses, orange juice & other failed romantic gestures;
• the immersive theater sensation Snoop No More;
• keeping poundcake in your briefcase: a metaphor???;
• "Franklin's pants!" interjects Molly;
• Linus: the Banner to PigPen's Hulk.

Kayla Cagan is a writer. Piper Perish is her debut YA novel, and its companion Art Boss will be released by Chronicle Books October 2018. She has contributed comics, plays and essays to assorted collections, including Girl Crush Zine, Womanthology, and Unite and Take Over: Stories Inspired by the Smiths. Kayla lives with her husband Josh and their chihuahua Banjo near that Starbucks. No, the other one. http://kaylacagan.com

Ben Soileau is the co-founder of Waffle Media, our home and native land. He is co-host of Waffle's COLUMBOYS, which endeavors to lovingly analyze every single episode of one of the 20th Century's most important works of art, Peter Falk's COLUMBO. Ben is an expert on gentleman's fashion, and has helped suit some of the geek community's pillars of dudeness, including John Roderick, John Hodgman, and Wil Wheaton. He lives in Seattle with his partner Molly Lewis, and their cat Sumi, who would like to take this opportunity to say "Hiss". http://waffle.media/

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on the Peanuts 1970s Vol. 2 DVD collection. (Amazon)

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

##TALKING POINTS

• Snoopy, the Hello Kitty of North America;
• like when Neo learns Kung Fu in The Matrix, except it's Christmas;
• Googling "tweening," a totally SFW animation term;
• a giant silver bottle brush as tall as a man that you have to handle with gloves;
• dunking your hapless husband in a big old tank of America;
• Hot Judah Macabee, your next Halloween costume.

Our guest is Leigh Lahav, a writer, animator, director, and YouTube sensation. Watch her fantastic Stranger Things / CB Christmas mashup on her YouTube channel. https://www.youtube.com/onlyleigh |
@leighlahav.

##EXTRA CREDIT

• Hanukkah Star Trek parody
• no English subtitles available but still highly enjoyable
• "A Hanukkah Story" by Leigh Lahav, featuring hot Judah Macabee

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

Talking points:

• putting a regular special through a taffy pull;
• 1972's hot new "tear animating" technology;
• Thurl Ravenscroft, human leitmotif;
• the big Sherman Brothers conspiracy;
• an unbroken 5 minutes of Snoopy beating up children;
• Ali MacGraw disease, Munchausen By Proxy, & the Allegra Ringo effect;
• laughing & crying at the same time, while cutting one's own hair;
• anxiety-drenched zen perfection.

Blandishment by Ken Plume.
Podcast art by Lar DeSouza.

Peanuts Gallery is a proud member of Waffle Media.

Allegra Ringo is a writer, podcast person, and dog psycho. She has written articles for Vice, The Atlantic, The Hairpin, Reductress, and a trillion other sites, and writes live comedy at UCB Theatre. She eats a lot of popcorn and pets a lot of dogs.
http://www.allegraringo.com/ | https://twitter.com/allegraringo

Renée Colvert is a creator, comedy, podcast person. She's created projects for Disney, American Girl, and Yahoo! and has performed at The Comedy Store, The Improv, and Ice House. Renee can run faster scared than you can mad.
https://www.reneecolvert.com/coach | https://twitter.com/reneecolvert

CAN I PET YOUR DOG debuted in July 2015 on the Maximum Fun network. Past guests include Lin-Manuel Miranda, Janeane Garofalo, and Karen Kilgariff.
https://www.cipyd.com/

*Note: We just made that up, but really want it to become A Thing.

Topics of discussion include:

• Snoopy grows a dinosaur ass-brain;
• a lot of Catholic jokes somehow;
• Josh has often said that Snoopy is one of history's greatest monsters;
• the mid-70's boom of escalators & hollow plastic egg technology;
• Elvis can definitely control the weather, maybe Snoopy can also;
• Marcie will never know what's eggs;
• Lucy's 10 week long vindication montage.

Peanuts Gallery coloring pages at waffle.media/peanuts.

Talk to us on Twitter at @PeanutsPodcast.

End music = Linus And Lucy (「スヌーピー(Peanuts)」より) by Kazumi Tateishi Trio

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Peanuts Gallery is proud to be part of Waffle.Media.

Our guest this week is Kathleen DeVere. She can be found on Twitter as @Kathleen_LRR, and she can be found on Twitch and YouTube with LoadingReadyRun. Please enjoy this sketch that she & Molly are in together, and tell them PigPen sent you!

Topics of discussion include:

• the era of Peak Snoopy Marketability;
• the canon's first justifiable "AUGH";
• Peppermint Patty's family history;
• comedy's time-tested Rule of Fours??;
• Marcie's stellar example of how to deal with randos on the internet.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Peanuts Gallery is proud to be part of Waffle.Media.

Our guest this week is Kathleen DeVere. She can be found on Twitter as @Kathleen_LRR, and she can be found on Twitch and YouTube with LoadingReadyRun. Please enjoy this sketch that she & Molly are in together, and tell them PigPen sent you!

Topics of discussion include:

• the era of Peak Snoopy Marketability;
• which of the Peanuts gang "found themselves" in college;
• the canon's first justifiable "AUGH";
• Peppermint Patty's family history;
• comedy's time-tested Rule of Fours??;
• Canada's new tourism slogan, "Come To Canada, & Touch Our Old Peanuts Stuff";
• Marcie's stellar example of how to deal with randos on the internet.

If you've ever wondered if the Peanuts' oft-used catchphrase "AUGH" is ever uttered in real life, a little past the midpoint of this episode we all find out.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.
Peanuts Gallery is proud to be part of Waffle.Media.

Topics of discussion include:

• Is this the most Gen X Peanuts special? Joseph Scrimshaw reports;
• the Peanuts cannot have two TARDISes
• listen, all y'all, it's a TOAST MONTAGE;
• Marcie's funky normcore look;
• Linus getting bit by a radioactive Bible and becoming Bibleman;
• not playing Lovers' Games;
• A Charlie Kaufman Thanksgiving;
• being the magical dog that some bird latches onto as a coup for power;
• reenacting A Charlie Brown Christmas from memory with a cast of found items on a desert island.

Our guest Joseph Scrimshaw (host of Obsessed with Joseph Scrimshaw) is all about bold thesis statements. Find more of him at JosephScrimshaw.com, follow him on Twitter as @JosephScrimshaw, and check out his show "Headcanon" on Anchor.fm!

Thanksgiving vs. Christmas (with Extra Gravy) is available for digital download wherever fine Thanksgiving vs. Christmases are sold.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Peanuts Gallery is proud to be part of Waffle.Media.

Topics of discussion include:

• getting Charlie Brown title cards tattooed on your butt;
• Peanut People™;
• the phrase "when they stopped aging";
• jokes about New Math (do they hold up?) ;
• a long line of toilet cloggers;
• The Most Depressing Speech We've Heard In A Charlie Brown Special;
• Kayla offers a Magoo-ish theory;
• the Great Meatlump Situation (playing tonight at 8pm, $5 at the door);
• Jazz: Musical Improv?;
• Joseph Cool, of the Carolina Cools;
• being mistaken for a basketball with glasses;
• We're Up All Night To Get Marcy;
• The Manic Pixie Little-Red-Haired-Girl;
• the theory of transitive kissing;
• sliders.

Kayla Cagan is a writer. Piper Perish is her debut YA novel, with a 2nd novel on the way from Chronicle Books in 2018. She has contributed comics, plays and essays to assorted collections, including Girl Crush Zine, Womanthology, and Unite and Take Over: Stories Inspired by the Smiths. Cagan lives with her husband Josh and their chihuahua Banjo near that Starbucks. No, the other one.
http://kaylacagan.com

Amy Spalding is the author of several young adult novels including Kissing Ted Callahan (& Other Guys), The Reece Malcolm List, and the forthcoming Summer of Jordi Perez. She grew up in St. Louis, but now lives in the better weather of Los Angeles. By day, she manages the digital media team for an indie film advertising agency. By later day and night, Amy writes, performs, and pets as many cats as she can.
https://www.theamyspalding.com
https://tinyletter.com/thecheckin

Banjo L. Cagan is six feet, four inches tall, and looks as if he was chiseled from solid marble by the hand of a god. A single look from him has been known to make grown men weep, as if they were staring into the center of infinity itself. Time and light bend around him, and as previously stated, he is tall and handsome.

Check out @Shmuel510's Peanuts quiz on Learned League:
https://learnedleague.com/oneday.php?peanuts

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Peanuts Gallery is proud to be part of Waffle.Media.

Topics of discussion include:

• Josh singing more than usual;
• Melendelson's Razor;
• watching television with a big foam finger that says "TELEVISION"
• the Charlie decimal system (try it at home!);
• rousing breakfasts;
• the popular mandate for MORE DOGS EATING SANDWICHES;
• The Internet Before The Internet Was Invented;
• the face the Cheshire Cat would make if it was holding a knife;
• release from our spiritual Babylon;
• the Peanuts as XMen (not corroborated by Google Image search);
• painfully trying to be "funky";
• Speak Truth To Power, Sweet Baboo!

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Go to http://waffle.media for more good good content.

Angela Webber (of The Doubleclicks) joins us for Play It Again, Charlie Brown, a fascinating examination of the feminine responsibility, all the rocks, and convincing people you're from the future – all sandwiched between about 15 minutes of uninterrupted Beethoven music.

Topics of discussion include:

• the marketable skills of the Peanuts gang;
• watching a dog fall asleep to piano music in real time;
• our new self-help book, "How To Win Friends & Convince People You're From The Future";
• Maybe Getting That Combo Together We Had Once Before, and other totally normal human phrases;
• Sally hating everything (including Dale Earnhardt Jr. and all the rocks);
• in this month's Cosmo, "The One Trick To Make Man Stop Playing Piano & Pay Attention To You";
• Lucy fails the Turing test;
• a sustained blast of aerosol right to Peppermint Patty's face.

Angela M. Webber can & has done every kind of production under the dang sun. She's one half of the feminist-nerd-folk-comedy music duo The Doubleclicks, co-host of the So What Do We Do? podcast, and her hair looks great.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

• Check out his highly excellent interview podcast, A Bit Of A Chat With Ken Plume.
• (Ken's chat with Josh / Ken's most recent chat with Molly)

Go to http://waffle.media for more good good content.

In our first segment Nicole Dieker joins us for a roundtable about the merits of adapting a Peanuts animated special to live theater, and what a difference it makes to have real actors instead of children imitating Bill Melendez one word at a time.

In our second segment we interview Andy Cownden, BC's go-to Charlie Brown, about what it's like to assume the role of Charlie Brown, and to be faithful to the original text while also finding room to make the role your own.

Topics of discussion include:

• The unexpected treat of having real stage actors read Schulz;
• Charlie Brown maybe meant to say "material" when he said "commercial";
• an extra-canon epilogue! (feat. the Christmas queen);
• there's no such thing as a non-creepy nativity;
• A Charlie Brown Xmas as a quiet, melancholy Rocky Horror;
• A Charlie Brown Xmas as a boggart;
• performative feelings about Christmas;
• dancing about architecture;
• the existential table work that goes into a Charlie Brown Christmas production;
• at least three kinds of Snoopy puppet;
• Charlie Brown's emotional arc is not unlike the stripe on his shirt.

The animated A Charlie Brown Christmas is available on streaming, DVD, network television... You could holler "Isn't there anyone who has a copy of A Charlie Brown Christmas?!" out a car window and someone would be like "YES."

To find a production of the A Charlie Brown Christmas stage adaptation that we discuss in this episode, Google "[your city name] Eric Schaeffer Charlie Brown". Odds are there's a production very near you!

Our first guest Nicole Dieker is a freelance writer and a senior editor at The Billfold. She can be found at @hellothefuture or NicoleDieker.com. She is our first return guest, and first joined us to discuss It Was A Short Summer, CB.

Our second guest Andy Cownden is a talented actor and writer, who is currently playing Charlie Brown in A Charlie Brown Christmas at the Carousel Theater in Granville Island.

Questions? Comments? Tweet them to @PeanutsPodcast.

Josh and Molly wrote a holiday musical a couple years ago, inspired in no small part by the Peanuts holiday specials. It's available to stream or purchase on Bandcamp.

Thank you for listening to & tweeting at this pair of blockheads! We really appreciate it.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

A Boy Named Charlie Brown is available for your viewing pleasure on YouTube.

Topics of discussion include:

• remaking Finding Dory but with humans;
• Rod McKuen's "spending your birthday alone in a hotel bar" music;
• Is there anything sadder than a bath with no bubbles?;
• the Ocean's 11-style baseball segment = THE BEST;
• as adults, should we all be making trombone sounds by now?;
• Lucy finally going full A Clockwork Orange on Charlie Brown, finally;
• the fabulous Exposition Sisters;
• plosives for daaaays;
• theories about how Charlie Brown eats cold cereal;
• Linus & Snoopy's competition to be CB's shittiest friend;
• Josh's dog Banjo doesn't give a hoot about your feelings;
• the keystone to unlocking the Meatlump language;
• the harpsichord-playing Alter-Schroeder of another town;
• singing your own lyrics to the Joe Cool song.

Our guest Allie Goertz is a musician and comedian, who specializes in sweet & sad songs about TV shows. Her latest release is a concept album about Rick & Morty called Sad Dance Songs.

As mentioned in this episode, here is Sarah Shay's recipe for the #DogRoy: Vodka, St. Germaine, root beer, lemon, on ice served in a glass mug.

Questions? Comments? Tweet them to @PeanutsPodcast.

Got a suggestion for a better name for the Jew's Harp / Austin Powers' Harp? Also tweet them at us at @PeanutsPodcast – On Josh's birthday (11/13/16) he will choose a winner!

Josh and Molly wrote a holiday musical a couple years ago, inspired in no small part by the Peanuts holiday specials. It's available to stream or purchase on Bandcamp.

Thank you for listening & tweeting at this pair of blockheads! We really appreciate it.

This episode was reblandished in May 2017 by Ken Plume - asitecalledfred.com/kenplume

Pour yourself a tall glass of Electrolyte Solution and watch it on DailyMotion.

Topics of discussion include:

• adults vs. children vs. tall children;
• a stone soup / Wizard of Oz mashup (not in Latin);
• the proper rules of "hangman", and Nicole coining the phrase "hangdoodle";
• Garbage Snoopy Land, with alternate Snoopy creatures;
• You can hug a meatlump, but can a meatlump hug you back?;
• Asshole Blanket Gymnastics;
• the migratory habits of Brazilian potato chips;
• the rise of the Matriarchy.

Our guest Nicole Dieker is a freelance writer and a senior editor at The Billfold. She can be found at @hellothefuture or NicoleDieker.com.

Questions? Comments? Dump them into our asking box. Follow us on Twitter at @PeanutsPodcast.

We wrote a holiday musical a couple years ago, inspired in no small part by the Peanuts holiday specials. It's available to stream or purchase on Bandcamp.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Don't believe us? See for yourself!

Topics of discussion include:

• a nesting doll full of bad decisions;
• what NOT to do when your dog is setting sink fires & kicking people in the taint;
• the first appearance of Roy (the light of Molly's life);
• Peppermint Patty's unflinching certainty that Snoopy is not a dog, but a human boy with a big nose;
• the problem of holding Snoopy accountable for his gratuitous and violent outbursts when he lives as both dog and person, and can therefore not be strictly held to either set of social mores;
• a round of expressed glands, on the house!

This week's guest Kayla Cagan is on Twitter as @KaylaCagan.
Kayla can currently be found running social media for the LA Festival Of Books (April 9-10), at @LATimesFOB and #Bookfest. Her novel Piper Parish will be available from Chronicle Books in the spring of 2017.

Questions? Comments? Dump them into our asking box.

He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on DVD, iTunes, and YouTube.

This episode was reblandished in May 2017 by Ken Plume - asitecalledfred.com/kenplume

Topics of discussion include:

• peanut butter sandwiches;
• garbage playground taunt songs;
• putting hair poofs & breasts on cartoon birds;
• a delicate whisper of leafblower noise in the background of this sound mix;
• the coining of the superlative "trilbiest";
• chaos muppets;
• Charlie Brown as assassin;
• Aunt Miriam, Marian Call's grizzled in-universe counterpart;
• several exemplars of terrible behavior

Questions? Comments? Dump them into our asking box.

You're In Love, Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on iTunes, DailyMotion, and DVD.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Topics of discussion include:

• Lucy's unchecked power;
• the briefest suggestion of functional sibling relationships;
• denominational divisions;
• the existence or non-existence of a restaurant called "Broccoli Hut";
• gauntlets of scolding;
• the flattering soft focus lens of childhood nostalgia;
• 45 minutes of a dog being shot at

It's The Great Pumpkin Charlie Brown is available for your home viewing on iTunes, Amazon Instant, YouTube, and DVD.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

Topics of discussion range from:

• drift-compatible hatred;
• what happened to Shermy's voice? what did they do with Shermy Prime?;
• skateboarding harumphily;
• the Peanuts universe's brief (but no less horrifying) acknowledgement of sexuality;
• Charlie Brown blindly accepting the patriarchy;
• Linus is bad, Schroeder is THE WORST though;
• scarelumps

Charlie Brown's All-Stars is available for your home viewing on iTunes, Amazon Instant, YouTube rental, and DVD.

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.

• commercialism;
• dog germs;
• meatlumps;
• the Christmas Queen;
• totally bitchin' fake trees;
• ...and much more!

Audio blandishment by Ken Plume.