Erin and Rachel discuss Toy Story 3 (2010), the third and allegedly final installment in the Toy Story franchise. Despite some minor misogyny and heteronormativity, the film manages to delight (and emotionally devastate) the hosts.  

Episode Bibliography

Bianculli, D. (2011, February 4). The People Behind Pixar's 'Toy Story 3'. NPR. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/133471041?storyId=133471041?storyId=133471041

Daly, S. (2007, February 19). A happy ending for ''Toy Story 3''? Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2007/02/19/happy-ending-toy-story-3/

Davidson Sorkin, A. (2010, July 20). Faith, hope, and Barbie. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/faith-hope-and-barbie

Disney Circle Seven Animation (partially lost production material of cancelled Pixar sequel films; 2004-2006). (2026). Lost Media Wiki. https://lostmediawiki.com/Disney_Circle_Seven_Animation_(partially_lost_production_material_of_cancelled_Pixar_sequel_films;_2004-2006)

Ebert, R. (2010, June 16). These toys may be traumatized for eternity movie review (2010). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-3-2010

Finklea, B. W. (2014). Examining masculinities in Pixar’s feature films: What it means to be a boy, whether human, fish, car, or toy. [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Alabama]. 

Gleiberman, O. (2010, June 21). Summer Entertainment Guide Jun 21 2010 02:58 PM ET Share Permalink ComMessage to men: Yes, it's okay to cry at 'Toy Story 3'. Entertainment Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20100624080328/http://movie-critics.ew.com/2010/06/21/its-okay-for-men-to-cry-at-toy-story-3/

Gleiberman, O. (2012, July 31). Toy Story 3. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2012/07/31/toy-story-3-5/

Hammond, P. (2010, November 17). OSCAR: Disney’s Rich Ross Says “We’re Going For The Best Picture Win” For ‘Toy Story 3′. Deadline. https://web.archive.org/web/20140223064924/http://m.deadline.com/2010/11/oscar-disneys-rich-ross-says-were-going-for-the-best-picture-win-for-toy-story-3/

Harrison, M. (2017, May 18). Toy Story 3 and Its Horror Movie Undertones. Den of Geek. https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/toy-story-3-and-its-horror-movie-undertones/

Koelsch, D. (2010, December 28). Toy Story 3 Oscar Campaign Gets Noticed. Movieviral.com. https://movieviral.com/2010/12/28/toy-story-3-oscar-campaign-gets-noticed/

McLean, T. J. (2011, January 11). The Making of “Toy Story 3”. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/making-toy-story-3-69726/

Moore, R. (2010, June 16). Movie Review: Toy Story 3. Orlando Sentinel. https://web.archive.org/web/20121024002505/http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment_movies_blog/2010/06/movie-review-toy-story-3.html

Ness, M. (2017, November 30). Facing the End: Toy Story 3. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/pixar-rewatch-toy-story-3/

Phillips, M. (2010, June 17). 'Toy Story 3' brims with style, confidence, Pixar magic. Chicago Tribune. https://web.archive.org/web/20100902204747/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/sc-mov-0615-toy-story-3-20100617,0,7968852.column

Sampson, M. (2013). A look at the Toy Story 3 you didn't see... JoBlo. https://www.joblo.com/a-look-at-the-toy-story-3-you-didnt-see/

Slotek, J. (2010, June 17). 'Toy Story 3': After the Golden Age. Toronto Sun. https://web.archive.org/web/20100618032337/http://www.torontosun.com/entertainment/movies/2010/06/11/14350796.html

TheCoolBrotherhood. (2012, January 6). The Making Of Toy Story 3. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hlw-SzNvyg

Toy Story 3. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story_3

Toy Story 3 (2010). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0435761/?ref_=bo_se_r_1

Toy Story 3 IRL. (2020, January 25). Toy Story 3 In Real Life | Full-length Fan Film. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfduDq5gLnE

ToyStoryFR. (2023, August 21). Toy Story 3 - Behind the scenes - Designing new toys. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJtXhfrCdcM

Toy Story's Randy Newman: 'I just don't like directors'. (2015, February 13). Classic FM. https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/randy-newman-toy-story/

Unkrich, L. (Director). (2010). 

Toy Story 3 

[Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

Rachel's and Grace's article "'You're Getting a Little Big for This': Fat Characters in Disney Animated Films" was published in peer-reviewed journal Fat Studies, and can be accessed via this link (or email hellodeconstructingdisney@gmail.com to request a PDF). 

Erin and Rachel hop on down to 1920’s New Orleans, where Disney’s first Black princess spends most of her time as a frog in the Louisiana bayou. The Princess and the Frog (2010) provided much needed representation, but leaves a lot to be desired in terms of its race, class, and gender politics. 

Episode Bibliography

The 82nd Academy Awards | 2010. (n.d.). Oscars. https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2010/P?qt-honorees=1#block-quicktabs-honorees

Ayres, C. (2009, December 12). The Princess and the Frog: Disney’s black fairytale. The Times. https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/the-princess-and-the-frog-disneys-black-fairytale-lcpnw3pj3jc

Baker, E.D. (2002). The Frog Princess. Bloomsbury.

Barnes, B. (2009, May 29). Her Prince Has Come. Critics, Too. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/fashion/31disney.html

Breaux, R. M. (2010). After 75 years of magic: Disney answers its critics, rewrites African American history, and cashes in on its racist past. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 398-416. doi: 10.1007/s12111-010-9139-9

Chang, J. (2009, November 24). The Princess and the Frog. Variety. https://variety.com/2009/digital/features/the-princess-and-the-frog-1200477289/

Davis, A.M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company. 

Debruge, P. (2016, November 22). Disney's Pixar Acquisition: Bob Iger, John Lasseter Reanimated Studio. Variety. https://variety.com/2016/film/features/disney-pixar-acquisition-bob-iger-john-lasseter-1201923719/

Disney Archives, The. (2025, January 14). The Princess and the Frog - Magic in the Bayou: The Making of a Princess. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9Gfgey_Oc8

Disney Enterprises, Inc. (2009). The Princess and the Frog Production Notes. Oscars.org. https://web.archive.org/web/20100408202417/http://www.oscars.org/press/presskits/nominations/pdf/princess_and_the_frog.pdf

Ebert, R. (2009, December 9). At Disney, they still remember how to make movies like they used to movie review (2009). RogerEbert.com. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-princess-and-the-frog-2009

Firehouse Five Plus Two - Wikipedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehouse_Five_Plus_Two

Foundas, S. (2009, December 10). The Princess and the Frog. Dallas Observer. https://www.dallasobserver.com/arts-culture/the-princess-and-the-frog-6405784/

Frog Prince, The. (2025, October 17). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Frog_Prince

Gallo, P. (2006, February 28). Mouse inks music man. Variety. https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/mouse-inks-music-man-1117939042/

Gehlawat, A. (2010). The strange case of "The Princess and the Frog:" Passing and the elision of race. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 417-431. doi: 10.1007/s12111-010-9126-1

Gilchrist, T. (2009, October 23). Interview: 'Princess and the Frog' Directors Ron Clements and John Musker. Moviefone. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054004/http://news.moviefone.com/2009/10/23/interview-princess-and-the-frog-directors-ron-clements-and-jo/

Gregory, S. M. (2010). Disney’s second line: New Orleans, racial masquerade, and the reproduction of whiteness in The Princess and the Frog. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 432-449. doi: 10.1007/s12111-010-9138-x

Guerrero, E. (1993). The Black image in protective custody: Hollywood’s biracial buddy films of the eighties. In M. Diawara (Ed.), Black American cinema (pp. 237–246). Routledge.

Hill, J. (2006, November 12). Monday Mouse Watch: Why a change of composers on “The Frog Princess” caused lots of WDFA staffers to lose their composure. Jim Hill Media. https://limegreen-loris-912771.hostingersite.com/monday-mouse-watch-why-a-change-of-composers-on-the-frog-princess-caused-lots-of-wdfa-staffers-to-lose-their-composure/

Holt, K. (2006, June 23). Rhett Wickham: It's Baaack! Laughing Place. https://www.laughingplace.com/news-id510530.asp

Honeycutt, K. (2009, November 24). The Princess and the Frog — Film Review. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/princess-frog-film-review-93780/

Kayembe, B. (2021, March 9). Why are we still depicting Black women as 'Mammies'? Shado Mag. https://shado-mag.com/articles/opinion/why-are-we-still-depicting-black-women-as-mammies/

Killer Reviews Staff. (2009). The Princess and the Frog Filmmakers Interview. Killer Reviews. https://web.archive.org/web/20100829054531/http://www.killerreviews.com/dispinterview.php?intid=1859

King, C.R., Bloodsworth-Lugo, M.K., & Lugo-Lugo, C.R. (2010). Animated representations of Blackness. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 395-397. doi: 10.1007/s12111-010-9141-2

King, S. (2009, November 22). Q & A with ‘Princess and the Frog’ animators. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-nov-22-la-ca-princess22-2009nov22-story.html

Leah Chase. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leah_Chase

Leap of Faith: The Princess and the Frog. (2010, January 17). The Independent. https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/leap-of-faith-the-princess-and-the-frog-1870801.html

Lester, N. A. (2010). Disney’s The Princess and the Frog: The pride, the pressure, and the politics of being a first. The Journal of American Culture, 33(4), 294-307. 

Malkin, M. (2007, February 5). Alicia Keys into Next Movie Role. E! Online. https://web.archive.org/web/20070210054735/http://www.eonline.com/gossip/planetgossip/blog/index.jsp?uuid=d21d0e39-9f0d-4b01-b81d-3989932f34ab

McGee, A.M. (2012). Haitian vodou and voodoo: Imagined religion and popular culture. Studies in Religion, 41(2). doi: 10.1177/0008429812441311

Misick, B. (2020, October 29). Controversy Over 'The Princess and the Frog'. Essence Magazine. https://www.essence.com/news/critics-dispute-princess-and-the-frog/

Moffitt, K. R. (2019). Scripting the way for the 21st-century Disney princess in The Princess and the Frog. Women's Studies in Communication, 42(4), 471-489. doi: 10.1080/07491409.2019.1669757

Moffitt, K. R., & Harris, H. E. (2014). Of negation, princesses, beauty, and work: Black mothers reflect on Disney’s The Princess and the Frog. Howard Journal of Communications, 25(1), 56–76. doi:10.1080/10646175.2014.865354

Myrlados, A. (2021, January 18). The Princess and The Frog: A case in cultural revisionism. The Enlightenment. https://lifeisgoodblog.com/2021/01/18/princess-and-frog-cultural-revisionism/

Ness, M. (2016, June 2). The End of an Era: Disney's The Princess and the Frog. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/the-end-of-an-era-disneys-the-princess-and-the-frog/

New Orleans Voodoo. (2025). New Orleans. https://www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/multicultural/traditions/voodoo/

Noyer, J. (2010, June 1). The Princess And The Frog's Directors John Musker and Ron Clements take us to “the other side” of animation! Animated Views. Retrieved September 22, 2025, from https://animatedviews.com/2010/the-princess-and-the-frog-directors-john-musker-and-ron-clements-take-us-to-the-other-side-of-animation/

Panaram, S., Rogers, H., & Stoddard, T. (n.d.). The Princess and the Frog: Rewriting Jazz Age History and Culture. The Black Atlantic. https://sites.duke.edu/blackatlantic/sample-page/contemporary-film-and-black-atlantic/history/disneyfied-histories-disneys-intentional-inaccuracy-historical-films-and-the-black-atlantic/the-princess-and-the-frog-and-rewriting-jazz-age-history-and-culture/

Parasecoli, F. (2010). A taste of Louisiana: Mainstreaming Blackness through food in The Princess and the Frog. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 450-468. doi:  10.1007/s12111-010-9137-y

Pérez, E. (2021). “I got voodoo, I got hoodoo”: Ethnography and its objects in Disney’s The Princess and the Frog. Material Religion, 17(1), 56-80. doi: 10.1080/17432200.2021.1977954

Pinsky, M. I. (2010, January 7). What Walt Wrought. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703580904574638143338424878

The Princess and the Frog. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3916137985/

Robertson, B. (2010, January). The Tradition Lives On. Computer Graphics World. https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx

Roush, G. (2009, October 21). Interview: Princess And The Frog Directors John Musker And Ron Clements. Plus 7 Brand New Images! LatinoReview.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20091022114309/http://www.latinoreview.com/news/interview-princess-and-the-frog-directors-john-musker-and-ron-clements-plus-7-brand-new-images-8310

Schwarzbaum, L. (2009, December 18). The Princess and the Frog. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2009/12/18/princess-and-frog-2/

Sciretta, P. (2009, 28 February). WonderCon: The Princess And The Frog And The Future Of 2D Animation At Disney. Slash Film. https://www.slashfilm.com/502703/wondercon-the-princess-and-the-frog-and-the-future-of-2d-aniamtion-at-disney/

Scott, M. (2009, November 22). New Orleans setting for 'Princess and the Frog' is a Disney dream come true for one man. NOLA.com. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/new-orleans-setting-for-princess-and-the-frog-is-a-disney-dream-come-true-for/article_c84036c3-ff1c-5fcd-94e3-9f7e916b774e.html

Scott, N. (2009, December 12). For 'Princess and the Frog,' Disney animators go back to the drawing board. NOLA.com. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/for-princess-and-the-frog-disney-animators-go-back-to-the-drawing-board/article_70787df8-b6ee-575d-9a0e-f1648f40cced.html

Sharkey, B. (2009, November 25). Review: 'The Princess and the Frog'. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-nov-25-la-et-princess25-2009nov25-story.html

Taylar. (2022, November 12). The Firehouse Five Plus Two - Disney's Jazz Band. The Disney Classics. https://www.thedisneyclassics.com/blog/firehouse-five-plus-two

Tejada, A. (2020, July 14). Representation Without Transformation: Can Hollywood Stop Changing Cartoon Characters of Color? Reactor. https://reactormag.com/representation-without-transformation-can-hollywood-stop-changing-cartoon-characters-of-color/

Terry, E.J. (2010). Rural as racialized plantation vs rural as modern reconnection: Blackness and agency in Disney’s Song of the South and The Princess and the Frog. Journal of African American Studies, 14(4), 469-481. doi: 10.1007/s12111-010-9132-3

Turner, S.E. (2013). Blackness, bayous and gumbo: Encoding and decoding race in a colorblind world. In Cheu, J. (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and disability (pp. 83-98). McFarland & Company.

Update: Princess Anika and the Frog. (n.d.). E! News. https://www.eonline.com/news/59173/update-princess-anika-and-the-frog

Whelan, B. (2012). Power to the princess: Disney and the creation of the 20th century princess narrative. Interdisciplinary Humanities, 29(1), 21–34.

Wloszczyna, S. (n.d.). Enchanting return to 2-D: Disney animation conjures magical kingdom of yore. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070503/d_cover03.art.htm

Erin and Rachel wallow through an elderly man’s grief journey with Pixar’s critically acclaimed Up (2009). They argue the beautiful art and cute sidekicks aren’t enough to redeem this (admittedly beloved) film, especially since the (admittedly moving) love story invokes the classic “dead wife” trope. We’ll keep sailing our balloon house onto the next one, please and thank you. 

Episode Bibliography

Adler, S. (2008, August 7). 'Up' And Coming: 3-D Pixar Movie Tells A 'Coming Of Old Age' Story, Director Says. MTV. https://web.archive.org/web/20100318060539/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1592302/story.jhtml

The Associated Press. (2009, May 12). Q&A: Pete Docter. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/qampa-pete-docter-83783/

Berardinelli, J. (2009, May 26). Up (United States, 2009). ReelViews. https://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/up

Block, A. B. (2009, November 17). Anatomy of a Contender: ‘Up’. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/anatomy-contender-91440/

Brooks, X. (2009, March 19). Curtain will go Up on this year's Cannes with 3-D yarn | Cannes 2009. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/mar/19/up-first-animation-to-open-cannes-film-festival

Chen, D. (2009, May 28). Marketing Up's Asian-American Lead Character. SlashFilm. https://www.slashfilm.com/503927/marketing-ups-asian-american-lead-character/

Coconut Press. (2023, August 16). The Making of Up: Pixar Travels to Venezuela 4k. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXCHlcrMgLY

Corliss, R. (2009, May 7). Going Up. TIME. https://web.archive.org/web/20090513203932/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1896685-1,00.html

Corliss, R. (2009, May 28). Up, Up and Away: Another New High for Pixar. Time Magazine. https://time.com/archive/6688401/up-up-and-away-another-new-high-for-pixar/

Docter, P. (Director). (2009). Up [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

DVDFilmBonus. (2023, July 16). Up 2009 ( Pixar ) Making of & Behind the Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPQuzPm73fo

Erikson E.H., & Erikson, J.M. (1982). Life cycle completed. W.W. Norton & Company

Freer, I. (2009, October 3). Up. Empire Online. https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/movie-2-review/

Hartlaub, P. (2009, May 27). Oakland's Fentons Creamery in Pixar film 'Up'. SFGate. https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Oakland-s-Fentons-Creamery-in-Pixar-film-Up-3297072.php

Hauser, T. (2016). The Art of Up. Chronicle Books LLC.

Hogan, R. (2009, June 1). Pixar’s Up review. Den of Geek. https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/pixars-up-review-2/

Horn, J. (2009, May 10). up, up and away. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-10-ca-up10-story.html

Hornaday, A. (2009, May 29). Up. The Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20091027073954/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/up,1156226.html

Khoo, I. (2015, July 13). Pregnancy Loss: The Surprising Movie That Understands Miscarriage. HuffPost Canada. https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/pregnancy-loss-the-surprising-movie-that-understands-miscarriag_n_7786224

King, S. (2009, May 28). Jordan Nagai, 'Up'. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20121106123435/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/may/28/entertainment/et-jordanpete28

The Korean Face of Pixar's Latest Star. (2009, June 3). The Chosun Daily. https://www.chosun.com/english/people-en/2009/06/03/NXQOOEMZNUTRQNAZ7NTDTTGBUU/

Ksieh, K. (2009, May 29). Jordan Nagai as Russell in UP. Channel APA. https://web.archive.org/web/20121110102130/http://www.channelapa.com/2009/05/jordan-nagai-as-russell-in-up.html

Media Action Network for Asian Americans. (2009, September 2). ASIAN AMERICAN MEDIA WATCHDOG GROUP PRAISES DISNEY/PIXAR'S "UP" FOR CREATING ASIAN AMERICAN PROTAGONIST. MANAA. https://web.archive.org/web/20090902105114/http://www.manaa.org/up_press_release.html

Meinel, D. (2014). Empire is out there!?: The spirit of imperialism in the Pixar animated film ‘Up’. Traces. NECSUS. https://necsus-ejms.org/empire-spirit-imperialism-pixar-animated-film/#_edn12

Meinel, D. (2016). Pixar’s America. Palgrave MacMillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31634-5_7

Morgenstern, J. (2009, May 14). Reaching for the Sky, 'Up' Fails to Soar - WSJ. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124226358415817813

Piane, C. (2010, April 9). EWP Honors Pixar Films And Jordan Nagai At 44th Anniversary Visionary Awards 4/19. Broadway World. https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/EWP-Honors-Pixar-Films-And-Jordan-Nagai-At-44th-Anniversary-Visionary-Awards-419-20100409

Press Release. (2009, November 8). Interview: Pete Doctor on Disney/Pixar’s UP. Major Spoilers. https://web.archive.org/web/20100208140509/http://www.majorspoilers.com/archives/27376.htm/

Rechtshaffen, M. (2009, May 12). Up - Film Review. The Hollywood Reporter. https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171219/http://www1.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/up-film-review-1003972156.story

Schilling, V. (2019, September 15). Boy Scouts ‘have been one of the worst culprits’ of cultural appropriation. ICT. https://ictnews.org/news/boy-scouts-have-been-one-of-the-worst-culprits-of-cultural-appropriation/

Tell Me More Staff. (2013, September 9). Angry Asian Man Not So Angry : Code Switch. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/09/09/219725276/angry-asian-man-not-so-angry

Up (2009 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_(2009_film)

Wooden, S.R., & Gillam, K. (2014). Pixar’s boy stories: Masculinity in a postmodern age. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 

Young, S. (2020, January 16). Exploring the dead wives in family movies trope. Nerdist. https://nerdist.com/article/dead-wives-family-movies-dolittle/

Zacharek, S. (2009, May 29). Up. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2009/05/29/up_review/

Erin and Rachel discuss Bolt (2008), a lesser known film about a dog who thinks he’s a super hero. Under new leadership, Disney Animation Studios starts to come out of their slump with this film that some people found boring (Erin) and others found heartwarming (Rachel). 

Episode Bibliography

Amidi, A. (2006, December 18). Chris Sanders No Longer Directing American Dog. Cartoon Brew. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/disney/chris-sanders-no-longer-directing-american-dog-2407.html

Bolt. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1531348481/

Bolt (2008 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt_(2008_film)

Catmull, E., & Wallace, A. (2014). Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration. Random House Publishing Group.

Desowitz, B. (2008, December 4). The Digital Eye: How 'Bolt' Got Painterly. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/digital-eye-how-bolt-got-painterly

Donofrio, E. C. (2013). The wonderful world of gender roles: A look at recent Disney children’s films [Honors thesis, Boston College]. https://core.ac.uk/reader/151481530

DVD Deleted Scenes. (2024, October 7). Bolt (2008) | Behind the Scenes + Deleted Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsEyzc4FVZE

Evry, M. (2020, February 13). Exclusive: Kiskaloo Movie Could Be Next for Chris Sanders! ComingSoon.net. https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1122952-exclusive-kiskaloo-movie-could-be-next-for-chris-sanders

Fleming, M. (2002, November 18). ‘Lilo’ scribes stitch Disney package. Variety. https://variety.com/2002/scene/markets-festivals/lilo-scribes-stitch-disney-package-1117876239/

Fritz, B. (2006, December 1). Disney lays off animators. Variety. https://variety.com/2006/digital/features/disney-lays-off-animators-1117954931/

Fritz, B. (2007, March 27). Sanders joins DreamWorks. Variety. https://variety.com/2007/digital/markets-festivals/sanders-joins-dreamworks-1117961927/

From the creator of LILO & STITCH our first look at AMERICAN DOG!!!! (2004, August 16). Ain't It Cool News. https://legacy.aintitcool.com/node/18156

Hedrick, D. (2010). King Lear or Bolt: The entertainment unconscious from CalArts to Disney. Shakespeare Studies, 38, 37-47. 

Hill, J. (2007, February 12). Toon Tuesday : How Disney is fixing “American Dog”. Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-how-disney-is-fixing-american-dog/

Howard, B., & Williams, C. (Directors). (2008). Bolt [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Hurt, L.S. (2014). Fuzzy toys and fuzzy feelings: How the “Disney” culture provides the necessary psychological link to improving animal welfare. Journal of Animal & Natural Resource Law, 10, 253-272.

McCarthy, T. (2008, November 13). Bolt. Variety. https://variety.com/2008/digital/awards/bolt-3-1200472217/

Ness, M. (2016, November 17). An Adorable Dog in an Unbelievable Premise: Disney's Bolt. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/an-adorable-dog-in-an-unbelievable-premise-disneys-bolt/

Porter, P. (2009). Journeys toward an authentic self. Society and Animals, 17, 368-375. DOI: 10.1163106311109X12474622855345

Rechtshaffen, M. (2008, November 13). Film Review: Bolt. The Hollywood Reporter. https://web.archive.org/web/20081216015641/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?JSESSIONID=prd6JhJJnvQL9cYrfRKSHVQjP6dRnLhLH4SZ1KQht3tfhVLxmjqn!-591095386&&rid=11956

Robinson, T. (2008, November 20). Bolt. AV Club. https://www.avclub.com/bolt-1798205268

Scott, A. O. (2008, November 20). Canine TV Action Star Discovers that Life is the Best Reality Show. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/21/movies/21bolt.html

Seibert, P. (2008). Bolt: Review. TV Guide. https://web.archive.org/web/20120212213609/http://movies.tvguide.com/bolt/review/294809

Springy. (2023, October 11). American Dog: everything I found in one neat thread. forums.lostmediawiki.com. https://forums.lostmediawiki.com/thread/12742/american-dog-neat-thread

Turan, K. (2008, November 21). ‘Bolt’ spices up Disney with a dash of Pixar. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-21-et-bolt21-story.html

Wang, T. (2021). Bolt (2008): Journey to the authentic self. In S. M. Alegre (Ed.), Gender in 21st century animated children’s cinema (pp. 86-87). https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/llibres/2021/236285/gen21cen_a2021.pdf

Wolff, E. (2009, February 5). Animated Oscar noms took long road. Variety. https://variety.com/2009/film/awards/animated-oscar-noms-took-long-road-1117999618/

Erin and Rachel travel 700 years into the future to discuss WALL-E (2008), Pixar’s robot romance with an unintentionally anti-capitalist message. Fatphobia and misogyny make this dystopian tale unwatchable despite its endearing protagonist, striking animation, and moments of nostalgia. 

Episode Bibliography

The 81st Academy Awards | 2009. (2009, February 22). Oscars.org. https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009

Akers, D. (2008, June 9). Wall-E: A Movie With a Full Heart, or A Tribute to Justin. Spectrum. https://spectrummagazine.org/news/wall-e-movie-full-heart-or-tribute-justin/

Allen, C. (2008, July 13). Wall-E doesn’t say anything. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/la-op-allen13-2008jul13-story.html

Anderson, C.T. (2012). Post-apocalyptic nostalgia: WALL-E, garbage, and American ambivalence toward manufactured goods. Literature Interpretation Theory, 23(3), 267-282, DOI: 10.1080/10436928.2012.703598

Ball, S. (2009, January 23). Mr. Oscar, Tear Down This Wall! Andrew Stanton on How Animated Films are Pigeonholed -- and How Wall-E is Every Man. Newsweek. https://web.archive.org/web/20090204034311/http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/popvox/archive/2009/01/23/breaking-out-of-the-box-wall-e-director-andrew-stanton-on-the-oscars-the-blurring-of-the-line-between-animation-and-film-and-writing-strong-female-character

Bandyk, M. (2009, January 22). Academy Awards Controversy: Wall-E Gets Snubbed For Best Picture Oscar. USNews. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717180938/http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/risky-business/2009/01/22/academy-awards-controversy-wall-e-gets-snubbed-for-best-picture-oscar

Barbagallo, R. (2009). Design With a Purpose, an interview with Ralph Eggleston. Animation Art Conservation. https://www.animationartconservation.com/design-with-a-purpose%2c-an-interview-with-ralph-eggleston.html

Beck, B. (2009). Don't make me laugh: People are funny in WALL-E and Tropic Thunder.  Multicultural Perspectives, 11(2), 90-93. DOI: 10.1080/15210960903028768

Bold, K. (2008, July 23). ‘WALL-E’ and the professor. Today@UCI. https://web.archive.org/web/20080726230400/http://today.uci.edu/Features/profile_detail.asp?key=369

Bose, M. (2017). Immaterial thoughts: Brand value, environmental sustainability, and WALL-E. Criticism, 59(2), 247-277. DOI: 10.13110/criticism.59.2.0247

Caraway, K., & Caraway, B.R. (2020). Representing ecological crises in children’s media: An analysis of The Lorax and Wall-E. Environmental Communication, 14(5), 686-697, DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2019.1710226

Coconut Press. (2022, July 1). The Making of WALL-E: The Imperfect Lens (Disney Pixar video). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8tlVs4r7zg

Desowitz, B. (2009). Hello, WALL•E!: Pixar Reaches for the Stars. Animation World Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20090720073659/http://mag.awn.com/article_view.php?id=3682&page=all

Disney Enterprises, Inc./Pixar. (2008, June 12). WALL-E Press Kit. Disney. https://web.archive.org/web/20110711103245/http://adisney.go.com/disneyvideos/animatedfilms/wall-e/media/downloads/WALLEProductionNotes.pdf

Ebert, R. (2008, June 26). Droid Story. Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/wall-e-2008

Film Review: WALL-E. (2008, October 1). BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_7500000/newsid_7504500/7504559.stm

Flaig, P. (2016). Slapstick after Fordism: WALL-E, automatism and Pixar’s fun factory. Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 11(1), 59-74. DOI: 10.1177/1746847715625017

Frick, A. (2008, July 1). Right-Wing Apoplectic Over Pixar’s WALL-E: ‘Malthusian Fear Mongering,’ ‘Fascistic Elements’. Think Progress. https://archive.thinkprogress.org/right-wing-apoplectic-over-pixars-wall-e-malthusian-fear-mongering-fascistic-elements-92e1523a8a6e/

Gaffey, A.J. (2018). Flip the switch: Virtue, programming, and the prospect of automatic agency in Wall-E. Southern Communication Journal, 83(1), 41-56. DOI: 10.1080/1041794X.2017.1399434

Glint, J.M.S., & Bhuvaneswari, G. (2025). Memory, Social Identity and Technology at Odds: The Implication on Physical Well‑Being in Wall‑E. Human Arenas. DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00471-w

Hill, J. (2008, June 17). When it comes to the retail world, Speed Racer whomps WALL-E. Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/when-it-comes-to-the-retail-world-speed-racer-whomps-wall-e/

Hobbes, M., & Gordon, A. [Hosts]. (2022, May 31). MP Watch Part: Wall-E and Spy [Audio podcast episode]. In Maintenance Phase. https://www.maintenancephase.com/

Horn, S., & Moro, E. (2008, April 7). Wall•E Preview. IGN. https://web.archive.org/web/20080411234805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/865/865021p4.html

Huxley, T. (2008, November 13). Q&A With WALL•E's Ben Burtt. Pixar Planet. https://pixarplanet.com/blog/qa-with-walles-ben-burtt/

Justin Wright. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Wright

Korfiatis, K., Photiou, M., & Petrou, S. (2020). Effects of ecoanimations on nine and twelve year old children’s environmental conceptions: How WALL-E changed young spectators’ views of earth and environmental protection. The Journal of Environmental Education, 51(5), 381-394. DOI: 10.1080/00958964.2020.1747965 

Lloyd, A. (2023, December 1). Counteracting Bone and Muscle Loss in Microgravity. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/counteracting-bone-and-muscle-loss-in-microgravity/

Mattie, S. (2014). WALL-E on the problem of technology. Perspectives on Political Science, 43(1), 12-20. DOI: 10.1080/10457097.2013.784576

Murray, R.L., & Heumann, J.K. (2011). That’s all folks? Ecocritical readings of American animated features. University of Nebraska Press. 

Ness, M. (2017, September 28). Robots in Love: WALL-E. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/robots-in-love-wall-e/

Pixar. (2016a, October 16). Robo-Everything | WALL•E | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqquKFkH-iI&list=PLLhVNqe2jAb8X9ocSkynckJmcP5y0B4Vc&index=9

Pixar. (2016b, October 19). Captain's Log | WALL•E | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRUoIOkp9AU&list=PLLhVNqe2jAb8X9ocSkynckJmcP5y0B4Vc&index=5

Pixar. (2016c, October 19). Live Action | WALL•E | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQh4z-j0ScI&list=PLLhVNqe2jAb8X9ocSkynckJmcP5y0B4Vc&index=15

Pixar. (2016d, October 19). Trash Planet | WALL•E | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmnSYmqpIEY&list=PLLhVNqe2jAb8X9ocSkynckJmcP5y0B4Vc&index=14

Pixar. (2016e, October 19). WALL•E and EVE | WALL•E | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-AYOhIYZlQ&list=PLLhVNqe2jAb8X9ocSkynckJmcP5y0B4Vc&index=12

Potokar, S. (2017, March 8). Wall-E Animation Foley and Sound Design. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IPxIvbc_cs

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Recording Academy. (2025). 51st Annual GRAMMY Awards. GRAMMY.com. https://www.grammy.com/awards/51st-annual-grammy-awards

Roberts, S. (2008). Andrew Stanton Interview, Wall-E. Movies Online. https://web.archive.org/web/20080626061223/http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_14899.html

Robinson, T. (2008, June 26). Andrew Stanton. A.V. Club. https://web.archive.org/web/20080908045321/http://www.avclub.com/content/interview/andrew_stanton

Stanton, A. (Director). (2008). WALL-E [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

Suellentrop, C. (2008, June 30). Another Brick in the ‘WALL-E’. The New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/30/another-brick-in-the-wall-e/

Tranter, P., & Sharpe, S. (2012). Disney-Pixar to the rescue: Harnessing positive affect for enhancing children’s active mobility. Journal of Transport Geography, 20, 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.04.006

van Oosterwijk, I., & McCarthy, W. (2023). Once upon a dystopian time: The portrayal and perception of environmentalism in Pixar’s Finding Nemo and WALL-E. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 40(7), 848-873. DOI: 10.1080/10509208.2022.2049181 

WALL-E. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WALL-E

WALL-E. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3615065601/

Willman, C. (2008, July 14). 'WALL-E': How he found 'Hello, Dolly!' Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2008/07/14/wall-e-how-he-found-hello-dolly/

Yates, M. (2015). Labor as “nature,” nature as labor. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 22(3), 525-543.

Erin and Rachel discuss Ratatouille (2007), a Pixar film about a French rat who wants to be a chef. Their discussion includes a fine stew of food politics, meritocracy, and sexism with a garnish of fatphobia. Bon appetit! 

Episode Bibliography

Baker, J. (2005, January 17). Dan Lee. James Baker. https://www.james-baker.com/news/dan-lee/

Bird, B. [@BradBirdA113]. (2020, July 13). The “Guarantee” was my idea, not Pixar’s. It had zero to do with CARS or HAPPY FEET. It was a [Tweet]. Twitter. https://x.com/bradbirda113/status/1282845727446765568

Bird, B. (Director). (2007). Ratatouille [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

Booth, M. (2007, June 27). Oui! A rich foodie treat, with a great view. The Denver Post. https://www.denverpost.com/2007/06/27/oui-a-rich-foodie-treat-with-a-great-view/

Brandes, S., & Anderson, T. (2011). Ratatouille: An animated account of cooking, taste, and human evolution. Ethnos, 76(3), 277-299. DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2011.569559

Chang, J. (2007, June 18). Film Review: Ratatouille. Variety. https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/ratatouille-2-1200558501/

Daly, S. (2010). Summer Movie Q&A; Top Chef. EW.com. htps://web.archive.org/web/20100222021712/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20166944_20166964_20043277,00.html

Dan Lee (animator). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Lee_(animator)

Desowitz, B. (2007, April 25). Brad Bird Offers an Early Taste of 'Ratatouille'. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/brad-bird-offers-early-taste-ratatouille

Desowitz, B. (2007, May 11). Ratatouille to Kick Off With 'Big Cheese Tour'. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/news/ratatouille-kick-big-cheese-tour

Dockterman, E. (2020, December 30). How the Ratatouille Musical Went From TikTok Sensation to All-Star Broadway Production. Time. https://time.com/5925560/ratatouille-tiktok-musical/

Eric ArtPassion. (2019, December 10). The Making of Ratatouille. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjYmGqYgVxA

Estiloz, T. (2007, July 3). Ratatouille: Behind the Scenes at Pixar & Film's Stars Chat. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTvOilSDCgc

Ferguson, P. (2014). Word of mouth: What we talk about when we talk about food. University of California Press.

Finn, S.M. (2017). Discriminating taste: How class anxiety created the American food revolution. Rutgers University Press.

Gagné, M. (n.d.). Taste Visualization for Pixar's Ratatouille. Gagne International. https://www.gagneint.com/Final%20site/Animation/Pixar/Ratatouille.htm

Gleiberman, O. (2007, July 6). Ratatouille (2007). Entertainment Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20141108232303/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20044993,00.html

Graser, M. (2007, June 15). Pixar hopes auds find ‘Ratatouille’ tasty. Variety. https://variety.com/2007/film/features/pixar-hopes-auds-find-ratatouille-tasty-1117967050/

Hammond, W. (2007, October 8). Ratatouille 2007, directed by Brad Bird | Film review. Time Out. https://www.timeout.com/movies/ratatouille

Harrap, C. (2022, April 13). Still in the Dark Ages: Are French Kitchens Sexist? France Today. https://francetoday.com/food-drink/still-in-the-dark-ages-are-french-kitchens-sexist/

Harris, D.A., & Giuffre, P. (2015). Taking the heat: Women chefs and gender inequality in the professional kitchen. Rutgers University Press. 

Hayhurst, D. (2007, August 9). Record breaking ‘Ratatouille’. Variety. https://variety.com/2007/film/box-office/record-breaking-ratatouille-1117969958/

Herhuth, E. (2017). Pixar and the aesthetic imagination: Animation, storytelling, and digital culture. University of California Press.

Hill, J. (2007, September 3). Toon Tuesday: Why “Ratatouille” ‘s good-but-not-great box office numbers are now causing problems for Disney’s marketing department. Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-why-ratatouille-s-good-but-not-great-box-office-numbers-are-now-causing-problems-for-disneys-marketing-department/

Holzer, L. N. (2007, June 29). Pixar cooks up a story. The Reporter. https://web.archive.org/web/20070702164407/http://www.thereporter.com/billboard/ci_6260970

Lindenfeld, L., & Parasecoli, F. (2016). Feasting our eyes: Food films and cultural identity in the United States. Columbia University Press.

The Los Angeles Times. (2007, June 30). Disney faces a challenging stew in trying to sell ‘Ratatouille’. Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/06/30/disney-faces-a-challenging-stew-in-trying-to-sell-ratatouille/

Nominees & Winners of the 80th Academy Awards. (2013, October 12). The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. https://web.archive.org/web/20131012045551/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/2000-present/2008/winners.html

Noyer, J. (2008, February 28). Jan Pinkava reveals “les ropes” of Ratatouille. Animated Views. https://animatedviews.com/2008/pinkava-on-pixar-projects/

Parasecoli, F. (2008). Bite me: Food in popular culture. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Phillips, M. (2007, July 15). Movie review: 'Ratatouille'. Metromix. https://web.archive.org/web/20070715125627/http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/mmx-070629-movies-review-ratatouille%2C0%2C3953295.story

Pixar. (2016a). Behind the Swinging Doors | Ratatouille | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjOKRDiUc8I

Pixar. (2016b). Care & Feeding of Your CG Rat | Ratatouille | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tMroyERYMM

Pixar. (2016c). Something New | Ratatouille | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e13d9w_zItQ

Pixar. (2025). Ratatouille. Pixar. https://www.pixar.com/ratatouille

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Ratatouille. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl846038529/

Ratatouille (film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratatouille_(film)

Rea, S. (2007, June 29). You'll smell a . . . terrific 'toon, starring a rat. Philly.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071441/http://articles.philly.com/2007-06-29/entertainment/24994660_1_remy-sous-chef-auguste-gusteau

Rodriguez, R. (2007, June 29). A delightful stew offers a treat for all ages. Miami Herald. https://archive.ph/20070623044747/http://ae.miami.com/entertainment/ui/miami/movie.html#selection-897.85-909.108

Scott, A.O. (2007, June 29). Voilà! A rat for all seasonings. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/movies/29rata.html

Sublette, C.M., & Martin, J. (2013). Let them eat cake, caviar, organic, and whole foods: American elitism, white trash dinner parties, and diet. Studies in Popular Culture, 36(1), 221-43. 

Erin and Rachel travel to a frenetic future to discuss Meet the Robinsons (2007), a fever dream of a film that performed poorly at the box office despite intervention from John Lasseter, newly seated Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios. Sexist and fatphobic content are only minimally present, but that doesn’t mean Erin and Rachel enjoyed this chaotic whirlwind of characters and colors any more than the critics who panned it in 2007. 

Episode Bibliography

A Day with Wilbur Robinson. (2023, December 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Day_with_Wilbur_Robinson

Anderson, S. (Director). (2007). Meet the Robinsons [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios. 

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains : Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited.

Desowitz, B. (2007, March 30). 'Meet The Robinsons': Keep Moving Forward at Disney. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/meet-robinsons-keep-moving-forward-disney

The Disney Archives. (2024, December 14). Meet The Robinsons - Deleted Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqiYsgkA_rw&list=PLhOndNwQYfNCj2GJsaHTEBLjYj1la10h-&index=5

The Disney Archives. (2024, December 14). Meet the Robinsons - Inventing the Robinsons. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2Se1oa9AUw

Jamieson, D. (2020, May 23). THE HOUSE OF MOUSE PROJECT - 'Meet the Robinsons'. The Jam Report. https://thejamreport.com/2020/05/23/the-house-of-mouse-project-meet-the-robinsons/

Joyce, W. (n.d.). Meet The Robinsons - Concept art. William Joyce. https://www.williamjoyce.com/mtrart.html

Joyce, W. (1993). A Day with Wilbur Robinson. HarperCollins.

McCarthy, T. (2007, March 29). Meet the Robinsons. Variety. https://variety.com/2007/film/reviews/meet-the-robinsons-2-1200509306/

Media Mementos. (2023, July 22). The Complete History of Meet the Robinsons. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xBuXocNHM4

Meet the Robinsons. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet_the_Robinsons

Meet the Robinsons (2007). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0396555/?ref_=bo_se_r_1

Moore, R. (2007, March 30). Movie review: 'Meet the Robinsons'. Record Online. https://www.recordonline.com/story/entertainment/local/2007/03/30/movie-review-meet-robinsons/52934218007/

Nash Information Services, LLC. (2025). Meet the Robinsons (2007). The Numbers. https://the-numbers.com/movie/Meet-the-Robinsons#tab=summary

Ness, M. (2016, May 19). When Even Dinosaur Fights Aren’t Enough: Disney’s Meet the Robinsons. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/when-even-dinosaur-fights-arent-enough-disneys-meet-the-robinsons/

Schwarzbaum, L. (2007, March 28). Meet the Robinsons. EW.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20070406232713/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20016245,00.html

Scott, A.O. (2007, March 30). FILM REVIEW; A Nerdy Orphan Plows Ahead With a Lot of Familiar Novelties. New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9B00E1D91030F933A05750C0A9619C8B63.html

Setyowati, R. (2012). Spreading the spirit of the American dream through Walt Disney’s film “Meet The Robinsons”. Register Journal, 5(2), 241-257. 

Zwecker, B. (2007, March 29). 'Robinsons' a feel-good fantasy. Ocala StarBanner. https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2007/03/29/robinsons-a-feel-good-fantasy/31193623007/

In this episode about Cars (2006), Erin and Rachel take a road trip to Radiator Springs, discussing Pixar history, environmentalism, and masculinity and masculinity along the way. Ka-chow! 

Episode Bibliography

The Amazing Double Life of Jorgen Klubien. (2013, October 15). FLIP. https://flipanimation.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-amazing-double-life-of-jorgen.html

Arnold, W. (2006, June 8). Cars is a joyous ride. Seattle PI. https://www.seattlepi.com/entertainment/movies/article/cars-is-a-joyous-ride-1205659.php

Cars. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1195935233/

Cars (2006) - Awards. (n.d.). IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0317219/awards/

Cars (2006) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0317219/fullcredits

Cars (film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cars_(film)

Cars — Pixar Animation Studios. (2025). Pixar Animation Studios. https://www.pixar.com/cars

Cars Production Information. (n.d.). https://web.archive.org/web/20070308104817/http://adisney.go.com/disneypictures/cars/us/bios/CARSProdNotes.pdf

Culbreth, S., & Huber, R. J. (2015). Cars and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(3), 327-336.

Ebert, R. (2006, June 8). NASCAR + Pixar = Pixcars movie review (2006). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/cars-2006

Gillam, K., & Wooden, S. R. (2008). Post-princess models of gender: The new man in Disney/Pixar. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 36(1), 2-8. doi: 10.3200/JPFT.36.1.2-8

Hill, J. (2011, July 6). The Roads Not Taken With Pixar's Cars Films. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/disney-cars-films_b_890538

Hott, L. R., & Lewis, T. (Directors). (1997). Divided Highways: The Interstates and the Transformation of American Life [Film]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLr-8QPbiAY

Joe Ranft. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 18, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Ranft

Jørgen Klubien. (n.d.). Pixar Cars Wiki. https://pixarcars.fandom.com/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Klubien

Kinzler, K. D., & DeJesus, J. M. (2013). Northern = smart and Souther = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(6), 1146-1158. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.731695

Klubien, J. (2024). Story Development. Jorgen Klubien. https://jorgenklubien.com/portfolio/story%20development

Lasseter, J. (Director). (2006). Cars [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

Lowry, B. (2006, June 4). Film Review: Cars. Variety. https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/cars-3-1200515758/

Malouf, M. (2017). Behind the closet door: Pixar and petro-literacy. In S. Wilson, A. Carlson, & I. Szeman (Eds.), Petrocultures: Oil, politics, culture (pp. 138-161). 

Ness, M. (2017, July 27). Driving Without Wonder: Pixar’s Cars. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/driving-without-wonder-pixars-cars/

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Rahayu, N. (2019). The portrayal of gender and race in the Cars trilogy. Atavisme, 22,(1), 75-87. doi: 10.24257/atavisme.v22i1.532.75-87

Reaves, J. (2006). Movie Review: 'Cars'. Metromix. https://web.archive.org/web/20060613101342/http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/mmx-060609-movies-review-cars%2C0%2C997014.story

Tenzek, K. E., & Nickels, B. M. (2019). End-of-life in Disney and Pixar films: An opportunity for

engaging in difficult conversation. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 80(1), 49-68. doi: 10.1177/0030222817726258

Travers, P. (2006, June 1). Cars. Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/cars-119316/

Wilonsky, R. (2006, May 30). Running on Fumes. The Village Voice. https://web.archive.org/web/20140107215214/http://www.villagevoice.com/2006-05-30/film/running-on-fumes/

WonderLand. (2020, November 8). Pixar Cars 2006 Behind The Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uF40QwDZtXo

Chicken Little (2005), the modern retelling of the classic folk tale, will make you wish the sky was falling so the movie would end. Erin and Rachel discuss the gender dynamics and fatphobia in this story about a father and son (and also baseball and aliens). 

Episode Bibliography

Åström, B. (2015). The symbolic annihilation of mothers in popular culture: Single Father and the death of the mother. Feminist Media Studies, 15(4), 593-607. DOIi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2014.994100

Åström, B.  (2017). The absent mother in the cultural imagination: Missing, presumed dead. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49037-3_15

Ball, R. (2005, June 28). Chicken Little to Christen Disney Digital 3D. Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/2005/06/chicken-little-to-christen-disney-digital-3d/

Berardinelli, J. (2005). Chicken Little. ReelViews. https://preview.reelviews.net/movies/c/chicken_little.html

Burr, T. (2005, November 4). Chicken Little Movie Review. Boston Globe. https://web.archive.org/web/20060427230618/http://www.boston.com/movies/display?display=movie&id=6925

Carroll, L. (2005, November 2). Zach Braff Calls ‘Chicken Little’ ‘Garden State’ On A Farm. MTV. https://web.archive.org/web/20160302153142/http://www.mtv.com/news/1512812/zach-braff-calls-chicken-little-garden-state-on-a-farm/

Chicken Little. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1615562241/

Chicken Little (2005 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_Little_(2005_film)

Desowitz, B. (2005, November 4). 'Chicken Little' & Beyond: Disney Rediscovers its Legacy Through 3D Animation. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/chicken-little-beyond-disney-rediscovers-its-legacy-through-3d-animation

Dindal, M. (Director). (2005). Chicken Little [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios, 

Henny Penny. (2024, August 15). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henny_Penny

Joe Grant. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Grant

McEachern, M. (2005, November). The Sky's the Limit. Computer Graphics World. https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2005/Volume-28-Issue-11-November-2005-/The-Skys-the-Limit.aspx

Mousefiles. (2007, August 10). Chicken Little [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/p_GaYdae4j0

Ness, M. (2016, May 12). An Inauspicious Start to Computer Animation: Disney's Chicken Little. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/an-inauspicious-start-to-computer-animation-chicken-little/

Randall, L. (2005, November 2). `Chicken Little' a big deal 3D animated film is a milestone for Garry Marshall & Disney. Pilly.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304145945/http://articles.philly.com/2005-11-02/entertainment/25430998_1_traditional-hand-drawn-animated-films-first-disney-film-latest-animated-feature

Richards, O. (2006, January 27). Chicken Little Review. Empire Magazine. https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/chicken-little-review/

Scott, A.O. (2005, November 4). A Chick Flick With Aliens Falling From the Sky. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/movies/a-chick-flick-with-aliens-falling-from-the-sky.html

Taylor, D. (2020, November 9). Chicken Little: Inside the History of Disney's First CGI Movie. Collider. https://collider.com/disney-chicken-little-history-explained/

WonderLand. (2020, November 8). Chicken Little 2005 Behind The Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvkGUZTr47Y

Young, R. (Host). (2023-present). Weight for it [Audio podcast]. Radiotopia. https://www.radiotopia.fm/podcasts/weight-for-it

Family superhero saga, The Incredibles (2004), was another smash hit for Pixar. Although fun to watch, the focus on a middle aged male protagonist leads Erin and Rachel to ask once again, who is this movie really for?

Episode Bibliography

Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A new kind of monster, cowboy, and crusader? Gender hegemony and flows of masculinities in Pixar animated films. Boyhood Studies, 13(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104

Barrier, M. (2005, February 27). Brad Bird. Michael Barrier. http://www.michaelbarrier.com/Interviews/Bird/Bird_Interview.htm

Bird, B. (Director). (2004). The Incredibles [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios. 

D, S. (2004, November 4). Michael Giacchino Interview. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/04/michael-giacchino-interview

Desowitz, B. (2004, November 5). Brad Bird & Pixar Tackle CG Humans Like True Superheroes. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/brad-bird-pixar-tackle-cg-humans-true-superheroes

DVDXtras. (2024, February 7). The Incredibles (2004) | Behind the Scenes + Deleted Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iimbuPBVrvY

Ebert, R. (2004, November 4). The Incredibles movie review & film summary (2004). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-incredibles-2004

Edelstein, D. (2004, November 4). Reality Bytes. The Incredible Incredibles. https://slate.com/culture/2004/11/the-incredible-incredibles.html

Gillam, K., & Wooden, S. R. (2008). Post-princess models of gender: The new man in Disney/Pixar. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 36(1), 2-8. doi:  10.3200/JPFT.36.1.2-8

Hill, J. (2023, June 28). That Little Old Lady Bears an "Incredibles" Resemblance to ... Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/that-little-old-lady-bears-an-incredibles-resemblance-to/

The Incredibles. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 12, 2024, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0317705/

The Incredibles. (2005). Entertainment Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617231818/http://www.emol.org/film/archives/incredibles/index.html

Lee, M. J. (2004, October 17). Brad Bird, The Incredibles. RadioFree. https://movies.radiofree.com/interviews/theincre_brad_bird.shtml

Macaluso, M. (2018). Postfeminist masculinity: The new Disney norm?. Social Sciences, 7, 221-231. doi: 10.3390/socsci7110221

McCarthy, T. (2004, October 31). The Incredibles. Variety. https://variety.com/2004/film/awards/the-incredibles-3-1200529884/

Michael Giacchino. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved July 12, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Giacchino

Miller, G. E. (2018, June 14). 'Incredibles' Edna Mode is based on these fashion mavens. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2018/06/14/incredibles-edna-mode-is-based-on-these-fashion-mavens/

Moriarity. (2004, November 5). AICN Animation Double-Header! Moriarty Interviews Brad Bird!! Ain't It Cool News. https://web.archive.org/web/20140415053240/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/18753

Ocwieja, J. (2015, June 10). Exceptionalism and “The Incredibles” | by Jeff Ocwieja. Medium. https://medium.com/@jeffocwieja/exceptionalism-and-the-incredibles-3b0764f4de07

Otto, J. (2004, November 4). Interview: Brad Bird. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/05/interview-brad-bird

Patrizio, A. (2005, March 9). An Interview with Brad Bird. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/an-interview-with-brad-bird

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Rao, H., Sutton, R., & Webb, A. P. (2008, April 1). Innovation lessons from Pixar: An interview with Oscar-winning director Brad Bird. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/innovation-lessons-from-pixar-an-interview-with-oscar-winning-director-brad-bird

Rouner, J. (2014, June 23). 5 Ways The Incredibles Is Ayn Randian Propaganda. HoustonPress. https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/5-ways-the-incredibles-is-ayn-randian-propaganda-6364574

Sonnack, M. (2021, December 19). The Incredibles' Rejected Villain Xerek, Explained. CBR. https://www.cbr.com/xerek-incredibles-rejected-villain-explained/

Travers, P. (2004, November 3). The Incredibles. Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/the-incredibles-255640/

Winter, J. (2004, October 26). Full Metal Racket. The Village Voice. https://web.archive.org/web/20110604015209/https://www.villagevoice.com/2004-10-26/film/full-metal-racket/

Wooden, S.R., & Gillam, K. (2014). Pixar’s boy stories: Masculinity in a postmodern age. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 

Erin and Rachel venture to the Old West to discuss the oft forgotten 2004 flop Home on the Range. The convoluted plot, juvenile humor, and unsympathetic characters make for a frustrating viewing experience. Most critics and audience members seem to agree this movie would be best put out to pasture. 

Episode Bibliography

#26. A Conversation with John Sanford. (n.d.). Fülle Circle Magazine. https://www.fullecirclemagazine.com/2008/12/conversation-with-john-sanford.html

Dudley, S. (2018, July 6). Trailblazers: The Making of Home on the Range (2004). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3h7Bc6YjzD8

Ebert, R. (2004, April 2). Home on the Range movie review (2004). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/home-on-the-range-2004

Finn, W., & Sanford, J. (Directors). (2004). Home on the Range [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Home on the Range. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3411641857/

Home on the Range. (n.d.). IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299172/?ref_=ttfc_fc_tt

Home on the Range (2004 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_on_the_Range_(2004_film)#Accolades

Library of Congress. (n.d.). The American West, 1865-1900. https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/rise-of-industrial-america-1876-1900/american-west-1865-1900/

Mitchell, E. (2004, April 2). FILM REVIEW; A Western With Watercolor Vistas and a Passel of Parody. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/02/movies/film-review-a-western-with-watercolor-vistas-and-a-passel-of-parody.html

Ness, M. (2016, November 10). Udderly Awful Yodeling: Disney's Home on the Range. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/udderly-awful-yodeling-disneys-home-on-the-range/

O’Boyle, J.G. (1996). “Be sure you’re right, then go ahead”: The early Disney westerns. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 24(2). DOI: 10.1080/01956051.1996.9943716

Puig, C. (2004, April 2). Also Opening. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2004-04-02-also-opening_x.htm

Rhett, W. (2004, March 25). Special Report From Rhett Wickham: Honing the Range (Part One). Laughing Place. https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID210270.asp

Singer, G. (2004, April 2). Home Sweet Home. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/home-sweet-home

Street, R. (2005, February 25). Mike Gabriel Talks Oscar Nominee Lorenzo. Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/2005/02/mike-gabriel-talks-oscar-nominee-lorenzo/

Turan, K. (2004, April 2). 'Range' takes off at a frenzied trot. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-02-et-kenny2-story.html

Wilmington, M. (2004). Movie review: 'Home on the Range'. Metromix. https://web.archive.org/web/20040409105739/http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/mmx-040402-movies-review-mw-homeontherange,0,723631.story?coll=mmx-movies_top_heds

Youseph, R. (2021, March 14). Interview with Roger Yuan. Kung-Fu Kingdom. https://kungfukingdom.com/interview-with-roger-yuan/#google_vignette

Welcome to our family time! Erin and Rachel discuss Brother Bear (2003), another entry in the canon of Disney’s flop era. Despite disappointingly little effort on the part of the filmmakers to ensure cultural authenticity, Brother Bear manages to tell a sweet story with surprisingly little offensive content. 

Episode Bibliography

Alaska Travel Industry Association. (2024). Yup'ik and Cup'ik Culture in Alaska. Travel Alaska. https://www.travelalaska.com/Things-To-Do/Alaska-Native-Culture/Cultures/Yupik

Barton, K. (2020, October 5). How Inuit honour the tradition of naming, and spirits who have passed on. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/inuit-names-tradition-culture-history-1.5748892

Billboard Staff. (2003, October 8). Diverse Acts Interpret Collins For 'Brother Bear'. Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/diverse-acts-interpret-collins-for-brother-bear-68741/

Billboard Staff. (2003, October 21). Collins, Turner Lead Disney Premiere. Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/collins-turner-lead-disney-premiere-68553/

Billington, L. (2003, November 1). 'Brother Bear' mixes nature, Native culture. Anchorage Daily News. https://web.archive.org/web/20031103012857/http://www.adn.com/life/story/4298933p-4309027c.html

Blaise, A., & Walker, R. (Directors). (2003). Brother Bear [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

d’Anglure, B. S. (2005). The ‘third gender’ of the Inuit. Diogenes, 52(4), 134-144. DOI: 10.1177/0392192105059478

Cassady, J. (2008). "Strange Things Happen to Non-Christian People": Human-Animal Transformation among the Iñupiat of Arctic Alaska. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 32(1). http://doi.org/10.17953

Cohn, A. (2003, October 27). Phil Collins Bearly Sings. TV Guide. https://www.tvguide.com/news/phil-collins-bearly-37211/

DisneyLivin. (2022, April 29). The Making of Brother Bear. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9UOlqZHrXg

Ebert, R. (2003, October 31). Brother Bear movie review & film summary (2003). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/brother-bear-2003

Eller, C., & Verrier, R. (2002, March 19). Disney Confirms Animation Cuts. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-19-fi-disney19-story.html

Hill, J. (2012, September 4). Why For was Michael Clarke Duncan's Grizz character cut out of Disney's "Brother Bear"? Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/why-for-was-michael-clarke-duncans-grizz-character-cut-out-of-disneys-brother-bear/

Houston, J. (2006, February 7). Inuit Traditional Stories. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/inuit-myth-and-legend

Indigenous Languages of Alaska: Iñupiaq. (2021, November 1). National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/indigenous-languages-of-alaska-inupiaq.htm

Inuit languages. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit_languages

Jessen, T. (2003, October 24). Fraternal Obligation: Disney Revisits the Animal Picture with 'Brother Bear'. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/fraternal-obligation-disney-revisits-animal-picture-brother-bear

Kjficarra. (2020, January 27). Brother Bear: Yet another example of the transformation trope. From Tonto to Thomas Builds-the-Fire: Native American Representation. https://nativeamericanmediarepresentation.wordpress.com/2020/01/27/brother-bear-yet-another-example-of-the-transformation-trope/

Laugrand, F., & Oosten, J. (2014). Hunters, Predators and Prey: Inuit Perceptions of Animals. Berghahn Books.

Languages - Iñupiaq | Alaska Native Language Center. (n.d.). University of Alaska Fairbanks. https://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages-move/inupiaq.php

Leigh, D. (2009). Colonialism, gender and the family in North America: For a gendered analysis of Indigenous struggles. Studies in Ethnicity & Nationalism, 9(1), 70-88. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2009.01029.x

Luchini, C. (2023, December 15). Human-animal relationships of the Inuit shamanic perspectives on interdependence in the arctic. Medium. https://medium.com/@cristiano.luchini/human-animal-relationships-of-the-inuit-shamanic-perspectives-on-interdependence-in-the-arctic-8852c20781cd

Mattos, A. M. (2015). Third space: Narratives and the clash of identities in Disney’s Brother Bear. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 39, 1-11. 

McCarthy, T. (2003, October 19). Brother Bear. Variety. https://variety.com/2003/film/awards/brother-bear-1200538552/

McKeon, M. (2018, June 24). A Walt Disney Production: "Brother Bear". Medium. https://filmknife.medium.com/a-walt-disney-production-brother-bear-6d6f01c8f3d

Moore, R. (2003, October 23). Great Expectations. Orlando Sentinel. https://web.archive.org/web/20150707174308/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2003-10-23/news/0310220615_1_feature-animation-brother-bear-disney-animation

Ness, M. (2016, November 3). The End of an Animated Era: Disney's Brother Bear. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/brother-bear/

Oosten, J., Laugrand, F, & Remie, C. (2006). Perceptions of decline: Inuit shamanism in the Canadian arctic. Ethnohistory, 53(3), 445-477. DOI: 10.1215/00141801-2006-001

Production Notes - Brother Bear. (2010). Cinema Review. https://web.archive.org/web/20101121085935/http://cinemareview.com/production.asp?prodid=2249

Puig, C. (2003, October 23). 'Brother Bear': Warm, fuzzy fun. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2003-10-23-brother-bear-review_x.htm

Serena, K. (2023, March 26). Timothy Treadwell: The 'Grizzly Man' Eaten Alive By Bears. All That's Interesting. https://allthatsinteresting.com/timothy-treadwell

SoundlessFOB. (2020, February 6). Do you find the movie Brother Bear offensive? : r/NativeAmerican. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/NativeAmerican/comments/ezp14f/do_you_find_the_movie_brother_bear_offensive/

Themes in Inuit Art: Transformation. (n.d.). Feheley Fine Arts. https://feheleyfinearts.com/themes-in-inuit-art-transformation/

Turan, K. (2003, October 25). Old school 'Brother Bear'. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-25-et-turan25-story.html

Wells, P. (2008). The animated bestiary: Animals, cartoons, and culture. Rutgers University Press. 

We Speak Inuktut. (n.d.). Government of Nunavut. https://www.gov.nu.ca/en/culture-language-heritage-and-art/we-speak-inuktut

Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E. Taylor & Francis Group. 

Williamson, K. J. (2024, March 5). Inuit. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Inuit-people

Erin and Rachel dive into a discussion of Finding Nemo (2003), the box office splash that enthralled audiences and critics alike. This movie about fish offers a surprising amount to wade through in terms of environmentalism, gender politics, and ableism. 

Episode Bibliography

Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A new kind of monster, cowboy, and crusader? Gender hegemony and flows of masculinities in Pixar animated films. Boyhood Studies, 13(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104

Arthur, C. (2004, July 1). 'Finding Nemo' pets harm ocean ecology. The Independent. https://web.archive.org/web/20080601023112/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/finding-nemo-pets-harm-ocean-ecology-565398.html

Åstrӧm, B.  (2017). Marginalizing motherhood: Postfeminist fathers and dead mothers in animated film. In B. Åstrӧm (Ed.), The Absent Mother in the Cultural Imagination (pp. 41-258). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49037-3_15

Axelrod, J. (2015, July 18). "Finding Nemo" aims to help Navajo language stay afloat. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/finding-nemo-aims-to-help-navajo-language-stay-afloat/

Beck, B. (2004). The sea around us: Social climbing in Seabiscuit, Whale Rider, and Finding Nemo. Multicultural Perspectives, 6(2), 24-27. doi: 10.1207/s15327892mcp0602_5

Brooks, D. (2021, November 24). “It Shattered the World's Perception”: The Story of the Navajo-Language Dub of Star Wars: A New Hope. StarWars.com. https://www.starwars.com/news/navajo-language-star-wars-a-new-hope

Bruckner, L.D. (2010). Bambi and Finding Nemo: A sense of wonder in the wonderful world of Disney?. In P. Willoquet-Maricondi (Ed.). Framing the World: Explorations in Ecocriticism and Film (pp. 187-205). University of Virginia Press.

Brydon, S.G. (2009). Men at the heart of mothering: Finding mother in Finding Nemo. Journal of Gender Studies, 18(2), 131-146. doi: 10.1080/09589230902812448

Caro, M. (2003). Movie review: 'Finding Nemo'. Metromix. https://web.archive.org/web/20040217220604/http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/mmx-030529movies-reviewmc-findingnemo.story

Corcoran, M. (2004, November 9). Vanuatu - Saving Nemo. ABC. https://web.archive.org/web/20051219171041/http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2004/s1239666.htm

Deitchman, B. (2016, December 16). Making Movie Magic in Any Language. D23. https://d23.com/making-movie-magic-in-any-language/

Disney Pixar Finding Nemo. (n.d.). Pixar Animation Studios. https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/finding-nemo

Ebert, R. (2003, May 30). Finding Nemo. Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/finding-nemo-2003

Ebrahim, H. (2014). Are the "boys" at Pixar afraid of little girls?. Journal of Film and Video, 66(3), 43-56. Doi:

Finding Nemo. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finding_Nemo

Garrett, D. (2006, March 8). 'Potter' DVD golden. Variety. https://variety.com/2006/digital/markets-festivals/potter-dvd-golden-1117939470/

Germain, D. (2003, May 29). Finding Nemo. Southeast Missourian. https://www.semissourian.com/story/110310.html

Gimphacks. (2018, December 14). IS “GIMP” A SLUR? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voCigbuzOHs

Guerrero, A. P. S (2015). An approach to finding teaching moments on families and child development in Disney films. Academic Psychiatry, 39, 225-230. doi: 10.1007/s40596-014-0240-6

Heffington, B.D. (2015). A pentadic criticism of three Disney/Pixar films: Spirituality and environmentalism in “Monsters, Inc.”, “Finding Nemo”, and “WALL-E.” [Graduate Thesis, Northern Arizona University]. 

Henley, J. (2004, February 24). Nemo finds way to French court. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/feb/24/books.film

I_Hate_Kidz. (2016). AA in Finding Nemo [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/stopdrinking/comments/3wljup/aa_in_finding_nemo/

Jodie, Q. (2016, March 10). ‘Nemo Há'déést'į́į́'. Navajo Times. https://navajotimes.com/reznews/nemo-hadeestii/

LightsCameraAction. (2019, September 1). Finding Nemo (2003) - The Making Of. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2zx3gcuXnk

Militz, T. A., & Foale, S. (2017, May 1). The “Nemo Effect”: Perception and reality of Finding Nemo 's impact on marine aquarium fisheries. Fish and fisheries, 18(3). doi: 596-606. 10.1111/faf.12202

Ness, M. (2017, May 25). Fish Parenting and Disability: Finding Nemo. Tor.com. Retrieved February 18, 2024, from https://reactormag.com/fish-parenting-and-disability-finding-nemo/

Preiser, R., Pereira, L.M., & Briggs, R.  (2017). Navigating alternative framings of human-environment interactions: Variations on the theme of ‘Finding Nemo. Anthropocene, 20, 83-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ancene.2017.10.003

Preston, D.L. (2010). Finding difference: Nemo and friends opening the door to disability theory. The English Journal, 100(2), 56-60.

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Prosek, J. (2010). Beautiful Friendship. National Geographic. https://web.archive.org/web/20190427052617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2010/01/clownfish-anemone-symbiotic-relationship/

Puig, C. (2003, May 29). Sweet and funny 'Nemo' works just swimmingly. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2003-05-29-nemo_x.htm

Rizvi, S. (2010, December 24). Remembering Glenn McQueen (1960-2002). The Pixar Times. https://pixartimes.com/2010/12/24/remembering-glenn-mcqueen-1960-2002/#google_vignette

Rodriguez, R. (2003, May 30). 'Finding Nemo' enchants at all levels; sets high-water mark for summer flicks. Miami Herald. https://web.archive.org/web/20030604160444/http://ae.miami.com/entertainment/ui/miami/movie.html?id=99879&reviewId=12209

Sherlock, B. (2020, February 21). Just Keep Swimming: 10 Behind-The-Scenes Facts About Finding Nemo. Screen Rant. https://screenrant.com/finding-nemo-behind-scenes-facts-disney-pixar-movie/#ellen-degeneres-nailed-the-most-emotional-scene-in-one-take

Stanton, A. (Director). (2003). Finding Nemo [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Taing, T. L. (2022, July 27). The Animation 'Magic Trick' That Made Finding Nemo Work. Slash Film. https://www.slashfilm.com/943107/the-animation-magic-trick-that-made-finding-nemo-work/

Turan, K. (2003, May 30). Hook, line and sinker. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-may-30-et-turan30-story.html

van Oosterwijk, I., & McCarthy, W. (2023). Once upon a dystopian time… the portrayal and perception of environmentalism in Pixar’s Finding Nemo and WALL-E. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 40(7), 848-873. doi: 10.1080/10509208.2022.2049181

Verrier, R. (2003, July 29). 'Nemo' Becomes the Big Fish at the Animation Box Office. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jul-29-fi-nemo29-story.html

Westbrook, B. (2004, April 9). Finding Nemo. Houston Chronicle. https://web.archive.org/web/20050911024614/http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/moviestory.mpl/ae/movies/reviews/1929968

Wolsos, J. (2012, July 30). Director's Commentary Track Review - Finding Nemo. Pixar Post. https://pixarpost.com/2012/07/directors-commentary-track-review.html

Erin and Rachel explore Treasure Planet (2002), the biggest flop in Disney animation since The Black Cauldron. The hosts discuss what went wrong with this pet project of veteran directors Ron Clements and Jon Musker, beyond just the usual misogyny, that is. 

Episode Bibliography

Aguilar, C. (2022, December 28). ‘Treasure Planet’ at 20: Disney’s failed space odyssey deserved to soar. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/movies/treasure-planet-disney.html

Armstrong, J. (2014, June 3). Buried Treasure: The ill-fated voyage to Treasure Planet 2. Animated Views. https://animatedviews.com/2014/buried-treasure-the-ill-fated-voyage-to-treasure-planet-2/

BREADSWORD. (2017, August 31). Treasure Planet - Disney's Biggest Mistake. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9sycdSkngA

Booker, M. K. (2009). Disney, Pixar, and the Hidden Messages of Children’s Films. Praeger.

Claudia, P. (2002, November 26). See 'Treasure Planet' for looks, not charm. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2002-11-26-planet_x.htm

Clayton. (2009, March 30). TREASURE ISLAND AS IT HAS NEVER BEEN SEEN BEFORE. Scene Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20090330210757/http://www.scene-magazine.com/archive/filmarchive.php?filmarcid=38

Crazy Nate. (2020, November 27). Disney's Treasure Planet Everything You Missed. (Easter Eggs and Secrets). YouTube. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0w5Jz4RhLA

Daiches, D. (2008, June 9). Robert Louis Stevenson. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Louis-Stevenson

Diamond Boy's Disney DVD Overviews. (2023, November 27). Treasure Planet 2003 DVD Overview. YouTube. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANOkTVpj6tI

Donaldson, K. (2022, November 27). The History Of Treasure Planet, Disney Animation's Biggest Ever Flop. Slash Film.

https://www.slashfilm.com/1072674/the-history-of-treasure-planet-disney-animations-biggest-ever-flop/

Droney, M. (2003, January 1). Avast and Away! Mix Online.

https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043304/http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_avast_away/

Ebert, R. (2002, November 27). Treasure Planet movie review & film summary (2002). Roger Ebert. 

https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/treasure-planet-2002

Fritz, S. S. (2018). In space no one can hear you cry: Late Victorian adventure and contemporary boyhood in Disney’s Treasure Planet. In S. K Day & S. S. Fritz (Eds), The Victorian Era in Twenty-First Century Children’s and Adolescent Literature and Culture (pp. 55-71). Routledge. 

Gibson, N. P. (2023, January 1). Treasure Planet: The Complicated History Behind Disney Animation's Biggest Flop. Looper.

https://www.looper.com/1151101/treasure-planet-the-complicated-history-behind-disney-animations-biggest-flop/

Gleiberman, O. (2002, November 27). Treasure Planet. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2002/11/27/treasure-planet-2/

Klein, A. (2002, November 24). Treasure Planet. Variety. 

https://variety.com/2002/film/awards/treasure-planet-1200544703/

Lee, A. (2003, February 4). Films - interview - Joseph Gordon-Levitt. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2003/02/04/joseph_gordon_levitt_treasure_planet_interview.shtml

Markowitz, A. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Father absence and adolescent depression and delinquency: A comparison of siblings approach. Journal of Marriage and Families, 78(5), 1300-1314. DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12343

Musker, J., & Clements, R. (Directors). (2002). Treasure Planet [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios. 

Ness, M. (2016, April 28). When Your Dream Project Is A Financial Failure: Disney's Treasure Planet - Reactor. Tor.com. https://reactormag.com/when-your-dream-project-is-a-financial-failure-disneys-treasure-planet/

Pallant, C. (2010). Neo-Disney: Recent developments in Disney feature animation. New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film, 8(2), 103-117. doi: 10.1386/ncin.8.2.103_1

Radulovic, P. (2020, July 21). Treasure Planet was a visionary box office bomb for Disney. Polygon. https://www.polygon.com/animation-cartoons/2020/7/21/21319228/treasure-planet-disney-cast-characters-making-of-box-office-bombs-animation

Rossio, T. (2007). The One Hundred Million Dollar Mistake. Wordplayer. http://www.wordplayer.com/columns/wp47.100.Million.Mistake.html

Scott, A. (2002, November 27). FILM REVIEW; 'Treasure Island' Flies Into Neurosis. The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/27/movies/film-review-treasure-island-flies-into-neurosis.html

Stevenson, R. L., & Wyeth, N. (n.d.). Treasure Planet. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure_Planet

Treasure Planet. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2759296513/

TREASURE PLANET Q&A with producers / directors / co-writers RON CLEMENTS & JOHN MUSKER. (2012, February 15). Phase 9.

https://web.archive.org/web/20120215162334/http://www.phase9.tv/moviefeatures/treasureplanetq&a-ronclements&johnmusker1.shtml

Verrier, R. (2002, December 6). Disney's 'Treasure Planet' an Adventure in Losing Money. Los Angeles Times. 

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-06-fi-treasure6-story.html

White, C. (2002, November 25). The creators of Treasure Planet sail the animated spaceways. Sci Fi Weekly.

https://web.archive.org/web/20090402065305/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/interviews/sfw9163.html

Zurcher, J. D., Brubaker, P. J., Webb, S. M., & Robinson, T.  (2020). Parental roles in “The Circle of Life”: Representations of parents and parenting in Disney animated films from 1937 to 2017. 

Mass Communication and Society, 23

(1), 128-150. doi: 10.1080/15205436.2019.1616763

Much like family dynamics and intergalactic diplomacy, Lilo & Stitch (2002) is a complicated movie. Erin and Rachel surf through the topics of Hawaiian culture and representation, colonialism, and Elvis. 

Episode Bibliography

Bell, J. (2023, August 13). The Meaning Behind The Song: He Mele No Lilo by Disney. Old Time Music. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://oldtimemusic.com/the-meaning-behind-the-song-he-mele-no-lilo-by-disney/

Byrne, E. (2012). Forgetting Hawai’i: The role of Hawai’i in narratives of Barack Obama’s legitimacy. Comparative American Studies: An International Journal, 10(2), 188-199. doi: 10.1179/1477570012Z.00000000014

Casley, E. (2016, November 4). 'Lilo & Stitch,''Moana,' and Disney's Representation of Indigenous Peoples. Colonialism – Bitch Flicks. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://colonialismbitch1.rssing.com/chan-58124034/article14.html

Cheng, E. (2007). Family, race and citizenship in Disney’s Lilo and Stitch. In N. Scott (Ed.), Monsters and the Monstrous : Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil (pp. 123-132). Brill. 

Chow, E. T. (2018). The Sovereign Nation of Hawai'i: Resistance in the Legacy of "Aloha 'Oe". SUURJ: Seattle University Undergraduate Research Journal, 2(15). https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=suurj

Corliss, R. (2002, June 16). Stitch in Time? TIME.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,263026,00.html

Cronin, B. (2020, March 29). See How 9/11 Caused a Dramatic Change to the Ending of Lilo & Stitch. CBR. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cbr.com/lilo-stitch-9-11-edit/

Dudley, S. (2023, June 16). The Story Room: The Making of Lilo and Stitch (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YKrFytA4Zg

Ebert, R. (2002, June 21). Lilo and Stitch movie review & film summary (2002). Roger Ebert. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/lilo-and-stitch-2002

Ebiri, B. (2022, October 19). An Oral History of 'Lilo & Stitch,' A Hand-Drawn Miracle. Vulture. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/2022/10/an-oral-history-of-lilo-and-stitch-a-hand-drawn-miracle.html

Ebiri, B. (2022, October 19). An Oral History of 'Lilo & Stitch,' A Hand-Drawn Miracle. Vulture. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/2022/10/an-oral-history-of-lilo-and-stitch-a-hand-drawn-miracle.html

El-Mahmoud, S. (2022, April 21). Lilo & Stitch 20 Years Later: How The Disney Film Authentically Captured Hawaiian Culture With Tia Carrere's Help. Cinemablend. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/lilo-and-stitch-20-years-later-how-the-disney-film-authentically-captured-hawaiian-culture-with-tia-carreres-help

Fiamma, A. (2022, July 19). Intervista a Chris Sanders, il regista di "Lilo & Stitch". Fumettologica. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://fumettologica.it/2022/07/intervista-chris-sanders-lilo-stitch/2/

Filoi, R.  (2022). Disney, Little Women, and Me. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 81(1), 225-237. doi: 10.1111/ajes.12453

Fiorini, E. (2023, May 05). “Lilo and Stitch”: A film that is both wacky and gut wrenching. University Wire. 

Gahrett, L. (2022, August 18). Big Break. Corvallis Gazette-Times, 41.

Gleiberman, O. (2002, June 28). Lilo & Stitch. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2002/06/28/lilo-stitch-3/

HB1986. (n.d.). Hawaii State Legislature. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2022/bills/HB1986_.HTM

Holmes, A. (2020, March 25). Yes, Disney Apparently Edited A Lilo And Stitch Scene, And Fans Are Freaking. Cinemablend. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2493332/yes-disney-apparently-edited-a-lilo-and-stitch-scene-and-fans-are-freaking

Ho‘omanawanui, K. (2013). Mo'olelo as Social and Political Action: Responding to Jack Zipes (De-Disneyfying Disney) and Waziyatawin (From the Clay We Rise). ScholarSpace.com. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/70717b02-d55c-49f5-a735-b9f1f2c595d0/content

Howe, D. (2002, June 21). 'Lilo' May Leave Kids in Stitches. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/21/lilo-may-leave-kids-in-stitches/919a6f5a-267a-4e55-ae5f-aabc00bc4bd3/

Lilo and Stitch: proof that Disney can get it right. (2011). Feminist Disney. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://feministdisney.tumblr.com/post/11134614957/lilo-and-stitch-proof-that-disney-can-get-it

Lilo & Stich: Hawaiian Native Child Welfare. (2013, May 6). nerdwearingpearls.tumblr.com. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://nerdwearingpearls.tumblr.com/post/49776740089/lilo-stich-hawaiian-native-child-welfare

Lilo & Stitch. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo_%26_Stitch

Mazo, A., & Pender-Cudlip, B. (Directors). (2018). Dawnland: A Documentary about Cultural Survival and Stolen Children [Film]. Upstander Project. https://upstanderproject.org/films/dawnland

McCarthy, T. (2002, June 16). Lilo & Stitch. Variety. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://variety.com/2002/film/awards/lilo-stitch-1200549065/

McKnight, U. (2008). The African in America: Race and the politics of diaspora. African Identities, 6(1), 63-81. doi: 10.1080/14725840701830881

Moore, R. (2002, June 25). ACTORS STITCH A PERFECT FIT WITH THEIR HAWAIIAN ROOTS. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2002/06/25/actors-stitch-a-perfect-fit-with-their-hawaiian-roots/

Ness, M. (2016, October 27). Aliens and Family Values: Lilo and Stitch. Tor.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/27/lilo-and-stitch/

Perea, K. (2015). Girl cartoons second wave: Transforming the genre. Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10(3), 189-204. DOI: 10.1177/1746847715608561

Perea, K. (2018). Touching Queerness in Disney films: Dumbo and Lilo & Stitch. Social Sciences, 7(11), 225. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110225

Puig, C. (2002, June 20). 'Stitch' will keep you in stitches. usatoday.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2002/2002-06-21-lilo-stitch.htm

Radulovic, P. (2021, September 16). Lilo & Stitch: How Disney’s animated classic was made cheap and in secret. Polygon. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/features/22675483/lilo-and-stitch-disney-animation-chris-sanders-dean-deblois

Ryan, T. (2002, January 17). Voices from the Islands. Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/01/17/features/index.html

Sanders, C., & DeBlois, D. (Directors). (2002). Lilo & Stitch [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Strausfogel, S. (2002, August 19). "A Stitch in time...: set on Kauai, Disney's animated film 'Lilo & Stitch' promises to boost interest in the islands, especially the Garden Isle, as a family destination. (On Location)." TravelAge West, 37(31),  pp. H-4+. 

Turan, K. (2002, June 21). A Welcome Break From Disney Formula. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-21-et-turan21-story.html

Wallace, D. (2016, December 2). “Moana” is Turning Culture into Cash—Here's Why it Matters for Hawai'i. HONOLULU Magazine. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.honolulumagazine.com/moana-is-turning-culture-into-cash-heres-why-it-matters-for-hawaii/

Yasuoka, M. Y. (2021). Hawai’i/Hawaii: Alterity, space, and the settler imaginary. [Master’s thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Listen to the official playlist of songs in the bracket (all "Sweet 16" of them) on YouTube Music. 

Watch the Our Last Night cover of Surface Pressure on YouTube. 

Join Erin and Rachel on the Scare Floor for a discussion of Monsters, Inc. (2001). The impressive animation, clever world building, strong performances, and high joke density adequately compensate for some outdated fatphobic, classist, and misogynist beats. Under director Pete Docter, Pixar has officially hit their stride with this critically acclaimed box office smash. 

Episode Bibliography

Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A new kind of monster, cowboy, and crusader? Gender hegemony and flows of masculinities in Pixar animated films. Boyhood Studies, 13(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104

Docter, P. (Director). (2001). Monsters, Inc. [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

Ebert, R. (2001, November 2). Monsters, Inc. movie review & film summary (2001). Roger Ebert. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/monsters-inc-2001

FilmIsNow Movie Bloopers & Extras. (2022, April 25). MONSTERS, Inc. (2001) | Making of CGI Featurette. YouTube. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfIIvaSzE1g

Gaura, M. A. (2002, November 9). Sonoma artist claims 'Monsters, Inc.' a rip-off / Suit says... SFGATE. Retrieved October 10, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/sonoma-artist-claims-monsters-inc-a-rip-off-2772969.php

Hatic, D. (2016, October 1). Chinese Food Delivery Containers, Explained. Eater. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://www.eater.com/2016/10/1/13110692/chinese-food-takeout-box-history

Kinzler, K. D., & DeJesus, J. M. (2013). Northern = smart and Souther = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(6), 1146-1158. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.731695

KSCG Guy. (2022, June 6). Filmmakers Roundtable | Monster's Inc. YouTube. Retrieved October 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2FTV7lI254

Mitchell, E. (2001, November 2). FILM REVIEW; Monsters of Childhood With Feelings and Agendas (Published 2001). The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/movies/film-review-monsters-of-childhood-with-feelings-and-agendas.html

Monsters, Inc. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsters,_Inc.

Monsters, Inc. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved October 18, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198781/

Monsters, Inc. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 19, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0198781/

Ness, M. (2017, April 27). Fur, comedy, and lawsuits: Monsters, Inc. Tor.Com. https://www.tor.com/2017/04/27/fur-comedy-and-lawsuits-monsters-inc/

Pixar Animation Studios. (n.d.). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/monsters-inc

Shiels, M. (2002, November 14). Monsters Inc faces 'copying' lawsuit. BBC News. Retrieved 10 10, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080204172819/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2477593.stm

Snetiker, M. (2016, November 2). Monsters Inc: Pete Docter dives deep into movie's legacy and creation, 15 years later. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 17, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2016/11/02/monsters-inc-anniversary-pete-docter/

Taylor, C. (2001, November 2). Monsters, Inc. Salon.com. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.salon.com/2001/11/02/monsters_inc/

Making sense of the plot of Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) proves almost as difficult as locating a lost civilization in the Atlantic Ocean. Erin and Rachel muddle through the complicated lore of this box office flop and manage to find some positive depictions of gender roles and racial diversity. 

Episode Bibliography

apneax3n0n. (2015, May 9). Nadia vs Atlantis - The More You Know post. Imgur. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://imgur.com/gallery/ytmAW

Atlantis: The Lost Empire. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Lost_Empire

Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001). (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved August 21, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0230011/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1

Boone, D. (2020, January 29). Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (Fushigi no Umi no Nadia) – Nadia vs Atlantis. The Review Heap. Retrieved August 22, 2023, from https://thereviewheap.home.blog/2020/01/29/nadia-the-secret-of-blue-water-fushigi-no-umi-no-nadia-nadia-vs-atlantis/

Cayce, E. D. (1968). Edgar Cayce on Atlantis. Hawthorn Books.

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2023, August 14). Atlantis, legendary island. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantis-legendary-island

Dudley, S. (2019, March 15). Making of Atlantis: The Lost Empire (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvR9Zdp74fY

Ebert, R. (2001, June 15). Atlantis: The Lost Empire movie review (2001). Roger Ebert. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/atlantis-the-lost-empire-2001

Edgar Cayce. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 21, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Cayce

Fabrikant, G. (2001, May 21). Suddenly, the Stakes Are High for Disney's Film and TV Businesses. The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/suddenly-the-stakes-are-high-for-disney-s-film-and-tv-businesses.html

Figueroa, J. (2020, May 3). Going Down in Flames: The Story of "Atlantis" Fire Mountain at the Magic Kingdom. WDW News Today. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://wdwnt.com/2020/05/going-down-in-flames-the-story-of-atlantis-fire-mountain-at-the-magic-kingdom/

Gleiberman, O. (2001, June 6). Atlantis: The Lost Empire. EW.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2001/06/06/atlantis-lost-empire/

Hackforth, R. (1944). The story of Atlantis: Its purpose and its moral. The Classical Review, 58(1), 7-9. 

Hill, J. (2003, August 10). How Disney's animators lost their way on the road to "Atlantis: The Lost Empire". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/how-disneys-animators-lost-their-way-on-the-road-to-atlantis-the-lost-empire/

Hughey, M. W. (2010). The white savior film and reviewers’ reception. Symbolic Interaction, 33(3), 475-496. 

Hughey, M. W. (2014). The white savior film: Content, critics, and consumption. Temple University Press. 

Johnson, B. (2019, June 7). Neocolonialism in Disney’s Renaissance: Analyzing Portrayals of Race and Gender in Pocahontas, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Oregon State University.

McCarthy, T. (2001, June 7). Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Variety. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/atlantis-the-lost-empire-1200468877/

McDonald's Dives Into Disney's Atlantis. (2001, June 11). QSR magazine. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/mcdonalds-dives-disneys-atlantis

McKeon, M. (2018, April 19). A Walt Disney production: “Atlantis: The Lost Empire”. Medium. https://filmknife.medium.com/a-walt-disney-production-atlantis-the-lost-empire-70059df1fc28 

Mitchell, E. (2001, June 8). FILM REVIEW; Under the Sea, Damp Hakuna Matata (Published 2001). The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/08/movies/film-review-under-the-sea-damp-hakuna-matata.html

Morris, W. (2001, June 15). 'Atlantis' is a find / Disney emphasizes adventure over cuteness, romance and song. SFGATE. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Atlantis-is-a-find-Disney-emphasizes-2909019.php

Moseley, D. (2001, June 15). Destination Atlantis at the El Capitan. Laughing Place. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID502800.asp

Ness, M. (2016, October 20). An Expensive Adventure: Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Tor.com. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/20/an-expensive-adventure-atlantis-the-lost-empire/

Pinsky, M. (2004). The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Westminster John Knox Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Gospel_According_to_Disney/YGtbYTyulb4C?hl=en&gbpv=0

Plato. (2008). Timaeus and Critias (D. Lee, Trans.). Penguin Books. 

Radulovic, P. (2020, September 23). Atlantis was meant to change the course of Disney animation. Polygon. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/animation-cartoons/2020/9/23/21446059/atlantis-the-lost-empire-disney-cast-voices-theme-park-don-hahn-tab-murphy-memes

Ringle, C. (2019). Fear and loathing in the Americas: White fanatics and the cinematic mindset. Terrae Incognitae, 51(3), 271-280. DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2019.1662665

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2022, February 12). Plato. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/

Stegman, C. (2017). Remembering Atlantis: Plato’s “Timaeus-Critias”, the ancestral constitution, and the democracy of the Gods. Political Theory, 45(2), 240-260. 

Straw, J. (2019, January 5). Atlantis: The Lost Empire and the white savior [Blog Post]. http://jessicastraw.com/2019/01/05/atlantis-the-lost-empire-and-the-white-savior/

Taylor, D. (2020, June 17). Atlantis: The Lost Empire: Inside the Troubled Disney Production. Collider. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://collider.com/disney-atlantis-the-lost-empire-history-explained/

Tuckey, T. (2021, June 16). Atlantis: The Lost Empire's 20th Anniversary Fan Celebration (6/15/21). YouTube. Retrieved August 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecABcThwkW4

Turan, K. (2001, June 8). 'Atlantis' Seems Like Old Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-08-ca-7799-story.html

Wise, K., & Trousdale, G. (Directors). (2001). Atlantis: The Lost Empire [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Zacharek, S. (2001, June 15). "Atlantis". Salon.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.salon.com/2001/06/15/atlantis/

Zion, L. (2001, July 19). Nadia vs. Atlantis, Revisited! Anime News Network. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-07-19

Erin and Rachel try not to throw off the emperor’s groove with their critique of the cultural appropriation and homophobia in this cult classic from 2000. Ultimately, the memeable humor and nuanced portrayal of masculinity make The Emperor’s New Groove a palatable offering from a studio that was floundering post-Renaissance. 

Episode Bibliography

Borthaiser, N. (2010). Brave New Americas: Historical re-interpretations in Disney's The Emperor's New Groove and DreamWorks' The Road to El Dorado. Americana: E-journal of American Studies in Hungary, 6(1). http://americanaejournal.hu/vol6no1/borthaiser

Boyar, J. (2000, December 15). A TOON JUST FOR FUN – Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2000/12/15/a-toon-just-for-fun/

Breznican, A. (2000, December 14). Singer stung by Disney cartoon. Daily News, 3B.

Cochrane, E. (2000, January 1). The Emperor's New Groove Review. Empire Online. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/emperor-new-groove-2-review/

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Deja, A. (2011, September 25). Early Yzma. Deja View. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2011/09/early-yzma.html

Dindal, M. (Director). (2000). The Emperor’s New Groove [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Ebert, R. (2000, December 15). The Emperor's New Groove movie review (2000). Roger Ebert. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-emperors-new-groove-2000

Ebiri, B. (2021, January 27). An Oral History of Disney's 'The Emperor's New Groove'. Vulture. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/article/an-oral-history-of-disney-the-emperors-new-groove.html

The Emperor's New Groove. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Groove

The Emperor's New Groove. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 18, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2572256769/

The Emperor’s New Groove: A Refusal To Say The ‘P’ Word (Peru, That Is). (2019, December 10). From Tonto to Thomas Builds-the-Fire: Native American Representation. https://nativeamericanmediarepresentation.wordpress.com/2019/12/10/the-emperors-new-groove-a-refusal-to-say-the-p-word-peru-that-is/

Feminist Disney, The Emperor's New Groove: It's okay. (2014). Feminist Disney. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from https://feministdisney.tumblr.com/post/10933261391/the-emperors-new-groove-its-okay

Hicken, J. (2014, June 24). 50 things you might not know about your favorite Disney films, 1998-2013 edition. Deseret News. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054251/https://www.deseretnews.com/top/2530/12/The-Emperors-New-Groove-2000-50-things-you-might-not-know-about-your-favorite-Disney-films.html

Hill, J. (2000, December 31). What Went Right for "The Emperor's New Groove" & What Went Wrong for "102 Dalmatians". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/what-went-right-emperors-new-groove-what-went-wrong-102-dalmatians/

Hill, J. (2001, May 8). The Long Story Behind the Emperor's New Groove, Part One. Laughing Place. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID115140.asp

Hill, J. (2001, May 10). The Long Story Behind the Emperor's New Groove, Part Two. Laughing Place. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID115160.asp

Leigh, D. (2001, February 14). Llama drama. The Guardian. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/feb/14/artsfeatures

Martín-Rodríguez, M. M. (2003). Reel origins: Multiculturalism, history, and the American children’s movie. In C. F. Levander & C. J. Single (Eds.), The American child: A cultural studies reader. Rutgers University Press.

Moorhead, M. V. (2000, December 14). Jonesing for a New Groove. Houston Press. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://www.houstonpress.com/film/jonesing-for-a-new-groove-6562706

Ness, M. (2016, October 13). When Chaos Leads to Comedy: The Emperor's New Groove. Tor.com. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/13/when-chaos-leads-to-comedy-the-emperors-new-groove/

Radulovic, P. (2020, June 24). Emperor’s New Groove: The story behind the Disney movie. Polygon. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kitt

The Road to El Dorado. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_to_El_Dorado

Roger, M. (2000, December 22). 'The Emperor's New Groove' developed from earlier project. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083101/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/122200/aro_122200006.shtml

Savlov, M. (2000, December 15). The Emperor's New Groove - Movie Review. The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/2000-12-15/141749/

Silverman, H. (2002). Groovin’ to ancient Peru: A critical analysis of Disney’s The Emperor’s New Groove. Journal of Social Archaeology, 2(3), 298-322.

Strauss, B. (2000, December 15). WITH 'GROOVE,' DISNEY'S IN A RUT. Daily News. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150208114551/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/WITH+%27GROOVE%2c%27+DISNEY%27S+IN+A+RUT.-a083411452

Styler, T., & Davidson, J.-P. (Directors). (2002). The Sweatbox [Film]. Xingu Films. https://archive.org/details/SweatboxDocumentaryUneditedVersion

Thomas, S., & Weldon, G. (Hosts). (2020, November 25). Twenty years later, is “The Emperor’s New Groove”... a classic? [Audio podcast episode]. In Pop Culture Happy Hour. NPR. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/937948440

Towbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, Z. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R. (2003). Images of gender, race, age, and sexual orientation in Disney feature-length animated films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. doi: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02

Welkos, R. W. (2000, December 13). Disney Moves to 'New Groove'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065807/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/13/entertainment/ca-64717

Disney animators combined computer generated animation with live action background scenery to create the visually stunning Dinosaur (2000). Unfortunately, the boring plot and lackluster characters leave Erin and Rachel wishing that these dinosaurs would hurry up and go extinct. 

Episode Bibliography

Aguilar, C. (2020, May 26). Celebrating the risk-taking greatness of Disney’s Dinosaur, 20 years later. RogerEbert.com. 

Blankstein, A. (1998, February 28). Boom's Counterweight Cited as Possible Cause of Fatal Accident. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-28-me-23933-story.html

Blankstein, A. (1998, April 14). Disney Sued by Family of Man Killed on Film Set. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-14-me-39062-story.html

Blankstein, A. (1998, April 29). Disney Co. Fined $5000 in Death of Film Crew Member. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-29-me-44138-story.html

Business/Entertainment Editors & Retail Writers. (2000, May 18). SKECHERS USA announces its participation in McDonald's national campaign promoting walt disney pictures' ‘Dinosaur’.  Business Wire. 

Dinosaur (2000 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_(2000_film)

Ebert, R. (2000, May 19). Dinosaur movie review & film summary (2000). Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/dinosaur-2000

Hill, J. (2003, January 14). The Sad Tale of Disney's Secret Lab. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/the-sad-tale-of-disneys-secret-lab/

Jackson Hall, W. (2000, June 1). Disney Takes a BIG Departure from Formula with Dinosaur. Animation World Network. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-takes-big-departure-formula-dinosaur

Matsumoto, J. (2000, May 27). Dinosaurs May Be a Monster Hit Beyond the Box Office. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-27-ca-34473-story.html

McCarthy, T. (2000, May 8). Dinosaur. Variety. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/dinosaur-1200462446/

Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K., (2011). That’s all folks?: Ecocritical readings of American animated features. University of Nebraska Press. 

Ness, M. (2016, October 6). Who knew Dinosaurs Could Be This Boring? Disney's Dinosaur. Tor.com. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/06/who-knew-dinosaurs-could-be-this-boring-disneys-dinosaur/

Out Of The Storm. (n.d.). Kate Bush Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.katebushencyclopedia.com/out-of-the-storm

Phil Tippett. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Tippett

Plesset, R. (1999, February). Phil Tippett, Dinosaur. Cinefantastique Magazine, 31(1-2), 43-44.

Robertson, B. (2000, May). BEAUTY... and the BEASTS. Computer Graphics World. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2000/Volume-23-Issue-5-May-2000-/BEAUTY-and-the-BEASTS.aspx

Sanders, R. (2021, February 24). Our earliest primate ancestors rapidly spread after dinosaur extinction. Berkeley News. https://news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/our-earliest-primate-ancestors-rapidly-spread-after-dinosaur-extinction

Sexton, T. (2019, February 13). Associate professor discussion work on Disney’s Dinosaur. The Blue Banner. https://thebluebanner.net/10117/arts-features/associate-professor-discusses-work-on-disneys-dinosaur/

Shen, F. (2000, June 21). ‘Dinosaur’ rewrites pre-history. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/06/21/dinosaur-rewrites-pre-history/738725d0-5c8c-439f-a5ff-9f997420da76/

Stack, P. (2000, May 14). Digital Animation Evolves / Disney's `Dinosaur' a giant step forward. SFGATE. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Digital-Animation-Evolves-Disney-s-Dinosaur-a-2759935.php

Taylor, D. (2020, May 19). How Dinosaur, a movie you've forgotten existed, shaped the Disney landscape forever. Syfy. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/dinosaur-2000-disney-changes-secret-lab

Tretiakova, Y. (2021, March 30). 10 Things You Didn't Know About Disney's Dinosaur. CBR. Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://www.cbr.com/disney-dinosaur-movie-trivia/#it-was-the-most-expensive-computer-animated-movie-at-the-time

Tripp, B. (2022, February 15). Countdown to Extinction: Inside the Evolution of Animal Kingdom's Time-Traveling DINOSAUR Dark Ride. Park Lore. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://parklore.com/main/lost-legend/dinosaur/

Turan, K. (2000, May 19). What Would He Say? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-19-ca-31579-story.html

Verrier, R. (2000, April 15). DISNEY TAKES DINO-SIZE STEP – Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2000-04-16-0004140533-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, March 28). the Making of Dinosaur the Movie. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e39KifR6AOo

VHS BTS. (2019, April 1). Dinosaur: Larger Than Life. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxlfy6Hzn7E

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Zondag, R., & Leighton, E. (Directors). (2000). Dinosaur [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Originally planned for a direct-to-video release, Toy Story 2 (1999) was deemed too good for the small screen and instead enjoyed a theatrical release that was met with rave reviews. The addition of a plucky heroine with a tragic backstory mitigates some of the toxic masculinity from the first installment, but ableism and fatphobia manage to sneak in. 

Episode Bibliography

ABC News. (2000, October 24). Profane Toy Story 2 Recalled. ABC News. Retrieved March 29, 2023, from https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=114164&page=1

Aguilera, L. (2015, October 7). EXCLUSIVE: 'Toy Story' Writer Debunks Two of the Biggest Pixar Fan Theories! Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://www.etonline.com/news/173521_exclusive_pixar_fan_theory_pete_docter_toy_story_4

Cohen, K. (1999, December 1). Toy Story 2 Is Not Your Typical Hollywood Sequel. Animation World Network. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/toy-story-2-not-your-typical-hollywood-sequel

Ebert, R. (1999, November 24). Toy Story 2 movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-2-1999

Gennusa, C. (1999, December 18). Disney will add 'bloopers' to 'Toy Story 2". Quad-City Times, 4W.

Jones, A. (2014, April 6). Ed Catmull's 'Creativity, Inc.' is a thoughtful look at Pixar. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-books-20140406-story.html

Kapur, J. (2005). Obsolescence and other playroom anxieties: Childhood in the shadows of late capital. Rethinking Marxism, 17(2), 237-255. doi: 10.1080/08935690500046793

Lasseter, J. (Director). (1999). Toy Story 2 [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

McCloud, T. (2022, February 16). 'Lightyear' Producer Credited With Saving 'Toy Story 2' After Deletion. Newsweek. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.newsweek.com/lightyear-producer-credited-saving-toy-story-2-after-deletion-1680072

Ness, M. (2020, March 27). A Weighty Sequel: Rewatching Pixar's Toy Story 2. Tor.com. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2020/03/27/a-weighty-sequel-rewatching-pixars-toy-story-2/

Oliver, S. (2017, March 31). The Making of Toy Story 2. YouTube. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkiEyseaM1k

Panzarino, M. (2012, May 21). How Toy Story 2 Got Deleted Twice, Once on Accident, Again on purpose. TheNextWeb. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://thenextweb.com/news/how-pixars-toy-story-2-was-deleted-twice-once-by-technology-and-again-for-its-own-good

Pixar Animation Studios. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/toy-story-2

Price, D. A. (2008). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Alfred A. Knopf.

Schwarzbaum, L. (2010, March 26). Movie Review: Toy Story 2 | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2010/03/26/movie-review-toy-story-2/

Stark, S. (2022, March 1). It’s time to abolish the fat villain trope. Inverse. https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/abolish-the-fat-villain-trope

Toy Story 2. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story_2

Toy Story 2. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1417119233/

Turan, K. (1999, November 19). Seeking the Meaning of (Shelf) Life. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-nov-19-ca-35106-story.html

Erin and Rachel swing to the end of the Disney Renaissance with their discussion of Tarzan (1999). The hosts fault the filmmakers for their choice of racist, misogynistic source material, but applaud the stunning visuals, quotable script, and catchy soundtrack. 

Episode Bibliography

Abbott, J. (1999, June 7). A FRESH TARZAN. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1999-06-08-9906070397-story.html

Asclepi. (2012, June 26). The Making Of Tarzan. YouTube. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drOxNNGwop4

Bruce W.... - African-American Animators - Past & Present. (n.d.). Facebook. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://m.facebook.com/211281015572088/photos/bruce-w-smith-first-african-american-supervising-animator-for-disney-he-supervis/211284832238373/

Burroughs, E. R. (1914). Tarzan of the Apes. A.L. Burt & Co.

Berglund, J. (1999). Write, right, white, rite: Literacy, imperialism, race, and cannibalism in Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes. Studies in American Literature, 27(1), 58-64. DOI: 10.1353/saf.1999.0011

Bettany, S., & Belk, R.W. (2011). Disney discourses of self and Other: animality, primitivity, modernity, and postmodernity. Consumption Markets & Culture, 14(2), 163-176. DOI: 10.1080/10253866.2011.562017

Brode, D. (2006). Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment. University of Texas Press. 

Daly, S. (2000, February 4). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2000/02/04/tarzan-6/

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. 

Ebert, R. (1999, June 18). Tarzan movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/tarzan-1999

Eller, C. (1999, June 11). Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html

Fafowora, O. (2017). Imagining the 'Dark Continent': Disney's Tarzan and defining the African post-colonial subject. Reinvention, 11(1).

Fleeman, M. (1999, June 17). Phil Collins goes out on a limb, scores with 'Tarzan' soundrack. The Daily Gazette, C9.

Jurca, C. (1996). Tarzan, Lord of the suburbs. Modern Language Quarterly, 57(3), 483. DOI: 10.1215/00267929-57-3-479.

Hill, J. (2016, September 22). Would Woody Allen have been a better fit for LeFou in Disney's “Beauty and the Beast” ? HuffPost. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/would-woody-allen-have-been-a-better-fit-for-lefou_b_57e4499ae4b09f67131e3f40?timestamp=1474582581075

Howe, D. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/tarzanhowe.htm

Lawson, T., & Ridder, K. -. (1999, June 15). `TARZAN' YELL. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-16-9906160335-story.html

Lima, K., & Buck, C. (Directors). (1999). Tarzan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

MacEacheran, M. (2014, March 5). Tarzan’s bewitching jungle home. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20140220-tarzans-bewitching-jungle-home

Maslin, J. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan': Monkey Business -- Rewriting the Jungle Book. The New York Times Web Archive. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/061899tarzan-film-review.html

McCarthy, T. (1999, June 7). Tarzan. Variety. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/tarzan-1117499855/

Naughton, J. (1999, May 2). Against All Odds. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-02-ca-33052-story.html

Ness, M. (2016, April 14). The End of the Disney Renaissance: Tarzan. Tor.com. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/04/14/the-end-of-the-disney-renaissance-tarzan/

Newsinger, John (1986). Lord Greystoke and darkest Africa: the politics of the Tarzan stories. Race and Class, 28(2), 61–64. DOI: 10.1177/030639688602800204

Newsinger, J. (2000). Me Disney, you Tarzan. Race and Class, 42(1), 78. 

Noyer, J. (2008, March 21). Get Enchanted ! Chapter Six: Director Kevin Lima and exec producer Chris Chase. Animated Views. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-six-kevin-lima-and-chris-chase/

Schwarzbaum, L. (1999, June 25). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1999/06/25/tarzan-5/

Strickler, J. (1999, June 13). Tarzan swings by Disney. Star Tribune, F18.

Taliaferro, J. (2002). Tarzan forever: The life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of Tarzan. Simon & Schuster. 

Tarzan (1999 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_(1999_film)

Tarzan of the Apes. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_of_the_Apes

Turan, K. (1999, June 16). Vine, Woman and Song. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-16-ca-46893-story.html

Wannamaker, A., & Abate, M. A. (Eds.). (2012). Global Perspectives on Tarzan: From King of the Jungle to International Icon. Routledge.

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Weeks, J. (1999, June 27). Tarzan and the race card: The ape-man's creator might have believed in white superiority, but the new Disney film goes out of its way to avoid the black and white issues. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-06-27-9906280262-story.html

Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.) . Ashgate.

Wilmington, M. (1999, June 17). TECHNO `TARZAN'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-18-9906180286-story.html

Despite competing with a similar insect-themed offering from DreamWorks, Pixar’s sophomore feature film, A Bug’s Life (1998), earned positive reviews at the box office and solidified the reputation of the animation studio. Although misogyny, racism, and fatphobia are sprinkled throughout, Rachel eagerly celebrates this movie as a depiction of Marxist class revolution; Erin is less enthusiastic. 

Episode Bibliography

Antz. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120587/?ref_=bo_se_r_1

Bansinath, B. (2022, November 16). All of the Allegations Against Kevin Spacey. The Cut. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.thecut.com/article/all-of-the-allegations-against-actor-kevin-spacey.html

Brew, S. (2016, March 24). Widescreen, pan and scan, and the slow rise of letterboxing. Den of Geek. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/widescreen-pan-and-scan-and-the-slow-rise-of-letterboxing/

Brown, A. (2012, June 12). Ants. Why Did It Have To Be Ants?: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2012/06/12/ants-why-did-it-have-to-be-ants-a-bugs-life/

A Bug's Life. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2420737537/

A Bug's Life. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Life#cite_note-PixarTouch01-6

A Bug's Life (1998) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120623/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm

Burrows, P. (1998, November 12). ANTZ VS. BUGS: The inside story of how Dreamworks beat Pixar to the screen. Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128083348/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605013.htm

Burrows, P. (1998, November 13). STEVE JOBS, MOVIE MOGUL: Can he build Pixar into a major studio? Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128070945/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605001.htm

Carlson, W. E. (2017). 6.7 Pacific Data Images (PDI) – Computer Graphics and Computer Animation: A Retrospective Overview. The Ohio State University Pressbooks. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/graphicshistory/chapter/6-7-pacific-data-images-pdi/

Caruso, S. (2022, October 6). A Timeline of Kevin Spacey's Controversies, as He Faces Sexual Assault Trial in New York City. People. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://people.com/tv/kevin-spacey-controversy-timeline/

Clinton, P. (1998, November 20). Review: 'A Bug's Life' hits a bulls-eye. CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9811/20/review.bugs.life/

Corliss, R. (1998, November 30). Cinema: Bugs Funny. TIME.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,989666,00.html

Cuenca-Orellana, N., & López-Heredia, P. (2020). Male and female workers: Gender treatment through Pixar’s films. index.comunicación, 10(1), 97-123. 

Davis, S. (1998, October 2). Animated Film Directors Bring Insects to Life. The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1998/10/02/animated-film-directors-bring-insects-to-life/62267152007/

Ebert, R. (1998, November 25). A Bug's Life movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-bugs-life-1998

Failes, I. (2017, November 25). 'Geri's Game' Turns 20: Director Jan Pinkava Reflects On The Game-Changing Pixar Short. Cartoon Brew. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/cgi/geris-game-turns-20-director-jan-pinkava-reflects-game-changing-pixar-short-154646.html

Gleiberman, O. (1998, November 20). A Bug's Life | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1998/11/20/bugs-life/

Gomez, P. (2020, May 26). A Bug's Life is the technological marvel Pixar left behind. The A.V. Club. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.avclub.com/a-bug-s-life-is-the-technological-marvel-pixar-left-beh-1843575964

Grebey, J. (2018, November 24). Why A Bug's Life Is an Underrated Pixar Classic. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/why-a-bugs-life-is-an-underrated-pixar-classic

Hunter, S. (1998, November 25). 'A Bug's Life' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/reviews/bugslifehunter.htm

Iverson, J. (1999, February 14). A Bug's Life Becomes First All-Digital DVD Release. Sound & Vision. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.soundandvision.com/content/ia-bugs-lifei-becomes-first-all-digital-dvd-release

Julie, & T.J. (2013, January 31). A Bug's Life - Director's Commentary Review. Pixar Post. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://pixarpost.com/2013/01/a-bugs-life-directors-commentary-review.html

King, S. (1999, April 22). A New Look for 'Bug'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-22-ca-29763-story.html

Lasseter, J., & Stanton, A. (Directors). (1998). A Bug’s Life [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

Marshall, A. (2022, November 16). Kevin Spacey Faces New Sexual Assault Charges in U.K. The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/16/arts/uk-kevin-spacey-sexual-assault-charges.html

McCarthy, T. (1998, November 29). A Bug's Life. Variety. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/a-bug-s-life-1200455803/

Mulder, C. P. (2013). It’s the time of your life: Marxism in animated films. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 25(2), 284-292. DOI: 10.1080/08935696.2012.696806

Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K. (2011). That’s all folks? Ecocritical readings of American animated features. Nebraska. 

Ness, M. (2017, February 23). Insects and Corporate Infighting: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2017/02/23/insects-and-corporate-infighting-a-bugs-life/

Pixar. (2016, October 13). Filmmakers Round Table | A Bug's Life | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKWKasuMXtk

Pixar. (2023). Translucency and Subsurface Scattering. Pixar's RenderMan. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://renderman.pixar.com/resources/RenderMan_20/subsurface.html

Pixar Animation Studios - a bug's life. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/a-bugs-life

Stack, P. (1998, November 25). "Bug's" Has Legs / Cute insect adventure a visual delight. SFGATE. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Bug-s-Has-Legs-Cute-insect-adventure-a-visual-2976395.php

Subsurface scattering. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_scattering

VHS BTS. (2019, March 28). Living A Bugs Life. YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Msedi5Ao0

WAusJackBauer. (2016, March 4). A Bug's Life - Behind The Scenes (1080p). YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHfMUZ73ybg

Wilmington, M. (1998, November 24). A BUG'S LIFE. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-11-25-9811250037-story.html

Wisecrack. (2022, January 31) Antz vs. A Bug's Life: Who Loves Capitalism More?[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCpxP51SOmE

Erin and Rachel explore the mess of gender and culture in Mulan (1998), Disney’s adaptation of an ancient Chinese legend. The plucky heroine promotes the “Girl Power” feminism that has fueled the female protagonists of most Disney Renaissance films, but does so in a way that manages to completely misrepresent Chinese culture and values. Spoiler alert: Chinese audiences did not love this movie. 

Episode Bibliography

Abbott, J. (1998, June 21). FLORIDA ANIMATION STUDIO COMES OF AGE WITH MULAN. The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20181119022905/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1998-06-21-9806190194-story.html

Bancroft, T., & Cook, B. (Directors). (1998). Mulan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Červinka, P. (2015, April 21). The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zHSJBwhuUk

Chen, R., Chen, Z., & Yang, Y. (2021). The creation and operation strategy of Disney’s Mulan: Cultural appropriation and cultural discount. Sustainability, 13(5), doi: 10.3390/su13052751

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Dong, L. (2010). Mulan’s legend and legacy in China and the United States. Temple University Press. 

Ebert, R. (1998, June 19). Mulan movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mulan-1998

Elise. (2019). Who made the Universal Studios theme music? Quora. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.quora.com/Who-made-the-Universal-Studios-theme-music

Eller, C. (1998, June 12). Bridled Optimism. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-12-fi-59077-story.html

England, D. E., Descartes, L., & Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9930-7

Failes, I. (2020, September 26). The CG side of the animated 'Mulan'. befores & afters. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://beforesandafters.com/2020/09/26/the-cg-side-of-the-animated-mulan/

Fleeman, M. (1998, July 12). World Tibet Network News: Hollywood hopes more movies will follow Clinton to China. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110705114829/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1998&m=7&p=12_2

Gleiberman, O. (1998, June 19). Mulan | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1998/06/19/mulan-3/

Grady, C. (2020, September 4). The history of Mulan, from a 6th-century ballad to the live-action Disney movie. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/21412785/mulan-history-original-chinese-ballad-disney

Haynes, S. (2020, September 4). The controversial origins of the story behind Mulan. TIME. https://time.com/5881064/mulan-real-history/

Heritage Learning- Kallispell, MT. (2016, November 2). Fa Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsaE6CgW4Uk

Hoffmann, E. S. (2019). Diversity dissected: Intersectional socialization in Disney’s Aladdin, Mulan, and The Princess and the Frog. Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, 5, 60-126.

King, S. (1998, June 25). Fa, a Long Long Way to Come. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-25-ca-63261-story.html

Kung, J. (2019). Disney’s Mulan and unlocking queer Asian-American masculinity. sprinkle: An Undergraduate Journal of Feminist and Queer Studies, 12, 40-49. 

Kurtenbach, E. (1999, February 8). World Tibet Network News: China Allows Disney Film Screening. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110610074601/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1999&m=2&p=8_5

Kurtti, J. (2020). The Art of Mulan: A Disney Editions Classic. Disney Editions.

Labi, N. (1998, June 29). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080415124047/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988643-1,00.html

Labi, N. (2001, June 24). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,139472,00.html

Lando, J. (1999, March 19). BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Chinese unimpressed with Disney's Mulan. BBC News Home. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/299618.stm

Langfitt, F. (1999, May 3). Disney magic fails 'Mulan' in China. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140224180211/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-05-03/features/9905030250_1_disney-s-mulan-sui-dynasty-chinese

Martin, S. K. (2013, March 12). Tony Bancroft on 'Mulan': 'I Want to Bring Christian-Based Values to All My Work'. Christian Post. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.christianpost.com/news/tony-bancroft-on-mulan-i-want-to-bring-christian-based-values-to-all-my-work-90987/

Maslin, J. (1998, June 19). FILM REVIEW; A Warrior, She Takes on Huns and Stereotypes (Published 1998). The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/19/movies/film-review-a-warrior-she-takes-on-huns-and-stereotypes.html

Mulan. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3664086529/weekend/

Mulan (1998) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120762/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_wr_sm

Mulan (Jerry Goldsmith). (2007, July 7). Filmtracks. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/mulan.html

Ness, M. (2016, March 31). Girl Power, A Cricket, and a Dragon: Disney's Mulan. Tor.com. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/31/girl-power-a-cricket-and-a-dragon-disneys-mulan/

Noyer, J. (n.d.). Mulan (1998 film). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)

Noyer, J. (2008, August 14). Tony Bancroft balances the yin and the yang in directing Mulan – Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/tony-bancroft-balances-the-yin-and-the-yang-in-directing-mulan/

Romano, A. (2017, October 10). McDonald's Szechuan Sauce inspired a Rick and Morty fan meltdown. Vox. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/10/16448816/rick-and-morty-szechuan-sauce-backlash

Siskel, G. (1998, June 18). MULDER, SCULLY MAKE A GOOD TEAM – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-19-9806190112-story.html

Turan, K. (1998, June 19). 'Mulan': Formula With a New Flavor. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-19-ca-61328-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, March 22). From Legend to Life The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUMh3si5lxs

Wang, Z. (2020, July 10). Cultural “Authenticity” as a Conflict-Ridden Hypotext: Mulan (1998), Mulan Joins the Army (1939), and a Millennium-Long Intertextual Metamorphosis. Arts, 9(3), 78. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts9030078

Wang, Z. (2021, December 6). From Mulan (1998) to Mulan (2020): Disney Conventions, Cross-Cultural Feminist Intervention, and a Compromised Progress. Arts, 11(1), 5. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts11010005

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Yin, J. (2011). Popular culture and public imaginary: Disney vs. Chinese stories of Mulan. Javnost – The Public, 18(1), 53-74.  Doi: 10.1080/13183222.2011.11009051 

Zhao, X. J. (2020, October 24). Everything culturally right and wrong with Mulan 1998 [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SHC7CnmErM

Unlike its eponymous protagonist, Hercules (1997) is more “zero” than “hero.” Erin and Rachel discuss the film’s rampant misogyny and obnoxious product placement. Compelling vocal performances and soaring musical numbers–the last of Alan Menken’s contributions during the Disney Renaissance–can’t rescue this box office disappointment from the River of Death. Much like Achilles, it just doesn’t go the distance. 

Episode Bibliography

Callaway, T. (2012, August 1). Susan Egan: Belle, Meg, Glamour and Goop - Part 2. The Mouse Castle. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from http://www.themousecastle.com/2012/08/susan-egan-belle-meg-glamour-and-goop.html

Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1997). Hercules  [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Crouch, L. (1997, February 13). Disney Promotional Tour A Herculean Undertaking. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063452/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-13/news/9702120413_1_hera-movie-animator

DiSessa, K. J. (2020, November 24). The Illusion of Empowerment: A Feminist Analysis of Disney's "Hercules". Inquiries Journal. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1842/the-illusion-of-empowerment-a-feminist-analysis-of-disneys-hercules

Diuguid, C. (1997, June 16). Herculean block party. Variety. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/herculean-block-party-1116679409/

Dreher, R. (1997, June 22). 'Hercules' Is A Bit Hipper This Time Out. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130239/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/9706201020_1_hercules-john-musker-scarfe

Gillespie, S. A. (2012, May 7). John Musker Question Countdown #3 — Howard Ashman. Howard Ashman. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.howardashman.com/blog/john-musker-question-countdown-3/

The Great Greek Hero. (1997, November 9). The Sunday Times On The Web - Mirror Magazine. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.sundaytimes.lk/971109/mirror2.html

Hartl, J. (1997, June 22). Disney's `Hercules' Plays Up The Comic Side Of An Epic Tale -- Missing From The Disney Treatment Of The Hercules Story Will Be Some Darker Details Of His Life, Including His Illegitimate Birth. The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970622&slug=2545749

Hercules (1997 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_(1997_film)

Hill, J. (2001, April 5). Part Four: Who the hell do we get to play Hades? Laughing Place. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-PID115030-115034.asp

Hill, J. (2012, October 19). Disney favorite Susan Egan to perform this Sunday afternoon at LBCC's Music Scholarship Gala Concert. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/disney-favorite-susan-egan-to-perform-this-sunday-afternoon-at-lbccs-music-scholarship-gala-concert/

Howe, D. (1997, June 27). Disney's Myth Conception. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeshowe.htm

Johnson, T. (1997, February 5). ‘Hercules’ hangs out at the malls. Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/hercules-hangs-out-at-the-malls-1117435863/

Kempley, R. (1997, June 27). Disney's 'Hercules': Myth for the Masses. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeskemp.htm

Klady, L. (1997, June 16). Hercules. Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/hercules-2-1200450181/

Maslin, J. (1997, June 13). Oh, Heavens! What a Hero! The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/13/movies/oh-heavens-what-a-hero.html

Ness, M. (2016, March 17). I Can Go the Merchandising Route: Disney's Hercules. Tor.com. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/17/i-can-go-the-merchandising-route-disneys-hercules/

Primo, C. (2018, November 16). Balancing Gender and Power: How Disney's Hercules Fails to Go the Distance. MDPI. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/7/11/240/htm

Ranieri, N. (2015, May 9). We Don't Know Jack. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/982460605139341

Ranieri, N. (2015, May 23). In Search of Hades. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/988317501220318

Rickey, C. (1997, June 22). Hercules, The Original Superhero He's A Myth Who's Hard To Miss, Starring On Tv And In A New Film. The Latter, By Disney, Cleans Up His Story Considerably. Philly.com. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071845/http://articles.philly.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/25525365_1_zeus-alcmene-hercs

Rizzo, F. (1997, June 16). HERCULES GETS A MAKEOVER – Hartford Courant. Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1997-06-17-9706170026-story.html

Scherer, R. (1997, June 13). Disney's Herculean Feat: Stopping New York Traffic For Movie Premiere Parade. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/0613/061397.us.us.5.html

Siskel, G. (1997, June 19). NO. 4 `BATMAN' STRIKES OUT – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-20-9706200276-story.html

Smith, J. L., & Byrne, C. (1997, October 9). Greeks put Disney's 'Hercules' on trial. The Nation, C1.

Smith, S. (1997, June 26). The Soul of 'Hercules'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-26-ca-6922-story.html

Turan, K. (1997, June 25). 'Hercules' is not your professor's version of the tale, but it is another triumph from Disney animation and quip masters. : Didja Ever Hear the Myth About. . . ? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-25-ca-6546-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, February 8). Zero to Hero: the Making of Hercules. YouTube. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MP2d-gKAyGU

Erin and Rachel spend a lot of time wringing their hands over the mature themes in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Disney’s animated film about a bell ringer in medieval France. The film underperformed at the box office; apparently, a children’s movie about adult sexuality is a bell you can’t un-ring. The depictions of disability and race induce further cringing that the dazzling music and visuals can’t completely overcome. Join the party! 

Episode Bibliography

Astier, H. (2014, February 13). France’s unwanted Roma. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25419423

Bahr, S. (2021, June 22). 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' at 25: 'The Most R-Rated G You Will Ever See'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/movies/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.html

Barnes, B. (2022, June 10). After a Political Storm, Gay Days Return to Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/10/style/disney-gay-days.html

Barrère, J. (2022, May 18). Victor Hugo: French writer. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/

Bates, J. (1996, July 23). Quasi-Successful: Do 'Hunchback' Results Signal a Sea Change? LA Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120423/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-23/business/fi-27142_1_disney-animation

Biography.com Editors. (2014, April 2). Victor Hugo Biography. Biography. https://www.biography.com/writer/victor-hugo

Bracken, H. (2022, September 7). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Hunchback-of-Notre-Dame

Bruncati, D. (2020, August 27). Every Disney Renaissance Era Film, Ranked By Budget. Screen Rant. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://screenrant.com/disney-renaissance-films-ranked-budget/

Corliss, R. (1996, June 24). CINEMA: A GRAND CARTOON CATHEDRAL. TIME. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,984745,00.html

Coyne, S. M., & Whitehead, E. (2008). Indirect aggression in animated Disney films. Journal of Communication, 58, 382 –395. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00390.x

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Dickerson, M. (1996, June 13). Baptist Group Rebukes Disney, Urges Boycott. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150217063632/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-06-13/news/mn-14682_1_southern-baptist

DreamloverMimi. (2017, February 7). The Making of the Hunch Back of Notre Dame (1996). YouTube. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efEUV7cDsB0

Ebert, R. (1996, June 21). The Hunchback of Notre Dame movie review (1996). RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-1996

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2022, August 24). Roma. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom

Fadner, D. (1998). Disney Gets Religion. Conference: National Convention of the American Academy of Religion. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342182716_DISNEY_GETS_RELIGION

Feng, Y., & Park, J. (2015). Bad seed or good seed? A content analysis of the main antagonists in Walt Disney- and Studio Ghibli-Animated Films. Journal of Children and Media, 9(3), 368-385. doi: 10.1080/17482798.2015.1058279

galaxies352. (2017, April 9). Disney Hunchback Of Notre Dame Premier Parade 6/19/96 WVUE-TV New Orleans, La. YouTube. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_ukR__9brY

Gaul, L. (1996, June 14). Disney Made Effort to Follow Hugo's Novel. Beaver County Times. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19960614&id=NBsvAAAAIBAJ&pg=3659,3055615

Gerard, J. (1996, June 17). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Variety. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-4-1200446001/

Graham, J. A., Yuhas, H., & Roman, J. L. (2018). Death and coping mechanisms in animated Disney movies: A content analysis of Disney films (1937–2003) and Disney/Pixar films (2003–2016). Social Sciences, 7, 199-213. doi: 10.3390/socsci7100199

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1996_film)

Lacroix, C.  (2004). Images of animated others: The orientalization of Disney's cartoon heroines from The Little Mermaid to The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Popular Communication, 2(4), 213-229.

Lavender, N. (2021, November 16). The Untold Truth Of Disney's The Hunchback Of Notre Dame. Looper. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.looper.com/459159/the-untold-truth-of-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/

Maslin, J. (1996, June 21). FILM REVIEW;The Dancing Gargoyles Romp and Wisecrack. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/21/movies/film-review-the-dancing-gargoyles-romp-and-wisecrack.html

McCullough, D. (1994, October 8). DISMISSAL STUNS MAGIC KINGDOM. Deseret News. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.deseret.com/1994/10/9/19135475/dismissal-stuns-magic-kingdom

McGill, C. M. (2018). "This burning desire is turning me to sin": The intrapersonal sexual struggles of two Disney singing villains. Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture, 3(1), 27-49. doi: 10.1386/qsmpc.3.1.27_1

Ness, M. (2016, March 3). When Gargoyles Interrupt Your High Concept Film: Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Tor.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/03/when-gargoyles-interrupt-your-high-concept-film-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/

Norman, F. (2008, November 11). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame” - Part Un. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-un/

Norman, F. (2011, November 18). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" - Part Deux. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-deux/

Pavlovic, D. (2019, May 23). Romani or Gypsies? TEDxBocconiU. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTlQMOdeW_8

Pinskey, M. I. (1996, July 27). Hunchback Finds Favor with Activists. Herald Journal, B10.

Pinskey, M. I. (2004). The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996): The House of the Lord. In The Gospel According to Disney (pp. 167-174). Westminster John Knox Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Gospel_According_to_Disney/YGtbYTyulb4C?hl=en&gbpv=0

The Pope meets the press: Media coverage of the clergy abuse scandal. (2010, June 11). Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/06/11/the-pope-meets-the-press-media-coverage-of-the-clergy-abuse-scandal/

Rauzi, R. (1996, June 24). Children Seem Unfazed by 'Hunchback' Themes. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-24-ca-18114-story.html

Spiegel, J. (2021, June 21). 'The Hunchback Of Notre Dame' At 25: An Oral History Of Disney's Darkest Animated Classic. Slash Film. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.slashfilm.com/581592/hunchback-of-notre-dame-oral-history/

Strauss, B. (1996, June 23). Courting Controversy? Disney's Newest Animated Feature, 'Hunchback Of Notre Dame,' Takes On Sensitive Adult Issues. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jun/23/courting-controversy-disneys-newest-animated/

Swardson, A. (1997, January 2). Quelle Horreur! French Give Thumbs-Up To Disney's `Hunchback'. The Seattle Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970102&slug=2516743

Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Disney's ''Hunchback'' has murder, lust, and corruption. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1996/06/21/disneys-hunchback-has-murder-lust-and-corruption/

Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Playing a Hunch. Entertainment Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20141205135730/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,293046,00.html

Towbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, Z. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R.  (2003). Images of Gender, Race, Age, and Sexual Orientation in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. doi: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02

Trousdale, G., & Wise, K. (Directors). (1996). The Hunchback of Notre Dame [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Whitney, C. R. (1997, January 5). A Disney Cartoon Becomes a Morality Play for Paris. The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/world/a-disney-cartoon-becomes-a-morality-play-for-paris.html

Erin and Rachel travel to masculinity and beyond in their discussion of Toy Story (1995), the first feature-length entirely computer-animated film. After a thorough discussion of the history of Pixar and the technology of computer animation, the hosts delve into the world of boy toys and wrestle over the problematic representation of female and disabled characters. 

Content warning: Discussions of workplace harassment

Episode Bibliography

Acuna, K. (2014, September 23). Joss Whedon Rewrote 'Toy Story' Script. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/joss-whedon-cowrote-toy-story-2014-9

Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A New Kind of Monster, Cowboy, and Crusader? Gender Hegemony and Flows of Masculinities in Pixar Animated Films. Boyhood Studies, 13,(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104

Ansen, D. (1995, November 26). Disney's Digital Delight. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/disneys-digital-delight-181300

Bradley, L. (2017, November 29). “He was inappropriate with the fairies”: Details on John Lasseter's alleged misconduct. Vanity Fair. https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/john-lasseter-sexual-misconduct-pixar-fairies

Ebert, R. (1995, November 22). Toy Story movie review & film summary (1995). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-1995

Ebrahim, H. (2014). Are the "boys" at Pixar afraid of little girls?. Journal of Film and Video, 66,(3), 43-56.

Gillam, K., & Wooden, S. (2008). Post-princess models of gender: The new man in Disney/Pixar. Journal of Popular Film and Television,36(1), 2-8. https://doi.org/10.3200/JPFT.36.1.2-8.

Harmon, A. (1995, November 30). Like 'Toy Story,' Pixar Stock Is a Hit Its First Day on the Street. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-11-30-fi-8751-story.html

Hernandez, P. (2018, June 28). Former Pixar employee details how the company’s rampant sexism went far beyond John Lasseter. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/28/17514430/sexual-harassment-pixar-john-lasseter-cassandra-smolcic-metoo

Hsu, J. (2012, April 3). Why “Uncanny Valley” human look-alikes put us on edge. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-uncanny-valley-human-look-alikes-put-us-on-edge/

Lasseter, J. (Director). (1995). Toy story [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

Luisi, T. (2019). Toys will be toys: gendered interaction frames in the Toy Story trilogy. Journal of Children and Media, 13(1), 20-35. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2018.1513852

Many Jony. (2017, October 24). How are Characters Animated at Pixar? - Toy Story Behind the Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TqPl3MSSow

Masters, K. (2017, November 21). John Lasseter's Pattern of Alleged Misconduct Detailed by Disney/Pixar Insiders. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/john-lasseters-pattern-alleged-misconduct-detailed-by-disney-pixar-insiders-1059594/

Ness, M. (2017, January 26). The Pixar Rewatch: Breaking New Ground with Toy Story. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2017/01/26/the-pixar-rewatch-breaking-new-ground-with-toy-story/

Persons, D. (2021, November 12). How Five Seconds in Toy Story Changed Animation Forever. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2021/11/12/how-five-seconds-in-toy-story-changed-animation-forever/

Pixar. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 18, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixar

Scanlon, D., & Rae, K. (n.d.). Our Story. Pixar Animation Studios. https://www.pixar.com/our-story-pixar

Schippers, M. (2007). Recovering the feminine other: Masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony. Theoretical Sociology, 36(1), 85-102.

Schlender, B. (2006, May 17). Pixar's magic man. CNN Money. https://money.cnn.com/2006/05/15/magazines/fortune/pixar_futureof_fortune_052906/index.htm

Schlender, B., & Furth, J. (1995, September 18). Steve Jobs’ Amazing Movie Adventure. CNN Business. https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm

Shapiro, L. (2022, January 17). The undoing of Joss Whedon. Vulture. https://www.vulture.com/article/joss-whedon-allegations.html

Sherlock, B. (2020, January 7). Toy Story: 10 Actors Who Almost Voiced Iconic Roles. Screen Rant. https://screenrant.com/toy-story-famous-actors-almost-voiced-iconic-roles-disney-pixar/amp/

Snider, B. (1995, December 1). The Toy Story Story. Wired Magazine, (3.12). https://www.wired.com/1995/12/toy-story/

Three Pixar execs get special Oscars. (1996, February 1). SFGATE. https://www.sfgate.com/style/article/Three-Pixar-execs-get-special-Oscars-3152578.php

Toy Story. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story

Toy Story Archive. (2021, June 27). Filmmakers Reflect - Toy Story. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adAYbs3oCZI

VHSfx. (2013, February 12). The Making of Toy Story - (1995). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VdERcRJ3jI

Wooden, S., & Gillam, K. (2014). Pixar’s boy stories: Masculinity in a postmodern age. Rowman & Littlefield.

In pursuit of another Oscar-worthy animated feature, Disney chose a culturally significant protagonist and pumped up the romance for Pocahontas (1995).  Unsurprisingly, good intentions didn’t prevent a group of white men from creating a hugely problematic film, rife with gross historical inaccuracies, racism, and misogyny! Pocahontas underperformed at the box office, and the only Oscar went to Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz for best original song.

Episode Bibliography

Aleiss, A. (1995, June 24). Maidens of Hollywood: Pocahontas is the pure expression of filmmakers’ fantasies about Indian women. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-24-me-16519-story.html

Allen, B. (2013). Female leadership in Powhatan Indian tribes: Changes from first contact with the Europeans to the present day [Poster presentation]. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=uresposters

Bodenner, C. (2015, June 30). Does Disney’s Pocahontas do more harm than good? Your thoughts. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/06/pocahontas-feminism/397190/

Bradley, D. (1995, June 23). Disney gives Pocahontas sexiest cartoon image ever. The Free Lance-Star, 26.

Červinka, P. (2015, April 21). The making of Pocahontas — A legend comes to life. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJApIC4BIhM

Chief Roy Crazy Horse. (n.d.). The Pocahontas Myth. Powhatan.org. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20131024050146/http://powhatan.org/pocc.html

Chief Seattle Speech – The Suquamish Tribe. (n.d.). The Suquamish Tribe. https://suquamish.nsn.us/home/about-us/chief-seattle-speech/

Cochran, J. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas needed an ethnic look. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/1995/06/16/pocahontas-needed-ethnic-look/

Custalow, L. L., & Daniel, A.L. (2016). The true story of Pocahontas: The other side of history. Fulcrum Publishing. 

Disney Magazine: Cast and Crew Interviews. (1995, July 31). The Waterfalls: A Pocahontas site. Retrieved June 19, 2022, from https://cbl.orcein.net/pocahontas/misc/interviews.htm

Dundes, L. (2001). Disney’s modern heroine Pocahontas: Revealing age-old gender stereotypes and role discontinuity under a facade of liberation. The Social Science Journal, 38, 353-365. 

Dutka, E. (1995, June 11). The Angriest Actor: Native American activist Russell Means focused his fierce will at Wounded Knee. Can a revolutionary co-exist with 'Pocahontas'? Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150524095505/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-11/entertainment/ca-11761_1_native-american

Ebert, R. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas movie review & film summary (1995). RogerEbert.com. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pocahontas-1995

Ebert, R., & Siskel, G. (2019, January 6). Congo, The Glass Shield, Pocahontas, Fluke, 1995 – Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://siskelebert.org/?p=3485

Edgerton, G., & Jackson, K. M. (1996). Redesigning Pocahontas: Disney, the “White Man's Indian,” and the Marketing of Dreams. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 24(2). doi: 10.1080/01956051.1996.9943718

Gilbert, S. (2015, June 23). Revisiting 'Pocahontas' at 20. The Atlantic. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/06/revisiting-pocahontas/396626/

Gleiberman, O. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/1995/06/16/pocahontas-4/

Goldberg, E., & Gabriel, M. (1995). Pocahontas [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

Green, R. (1975). The Pocahontas perplex: The image of Indian women in American culture. The Massachusetts Review, 16(4), 698-714. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25088595

Kempley, R. (1995, June 23). 'Pocahontas': A hit or myth proposition. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/pocahontas.htm#kempley

Kutsuzawa, K. (2000). Disney's Pocahontas: Reproduction of gender, Orientalism, and the strategic construction of racial harmony in the Disney empire. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 6(4), 39-65. doi: 10.1080/12259276.2000.11665893

Mallory, M. (2012, February 23). Pocahontas and The Mouse's Gong Show. Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/top-stories/pocahontas-and-the-mouses-gong-show/

Ness, M. (2016, February 18). The uneasy mix of prestige and a cute raccoon: Disney's Pocahontas. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/02/18/the-uneasy-mix-of-prestige-and-a-cute-raccoon-disneys-pocahontas/

Ono, K. A., & Buescher, D. T. (2001). Deciphering Pocahontas: Unpackaging the commodification of a Native American woman. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 18(1), 23-43. doi: 10.1080/15295030109367122

Pewewardy, C. (1996). The Pocahontas paradox: A cautionary tale for educators. Journal of Navajo Education, (Fall/Winter). http://www.hanksville.org/storytellers/pewe/writing/Pocahontas.html

Pocahontas (1995 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas_(1995_film)

Rickey, C. (1995, June 11). Disney takes over N.y. park for premiere of 'Pocahontas' to Many, the four-screen event was woodstock for the family. philly.com. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140728162302/http://articles.philly.com/1995-06-11/news/25692966_1_disney-standards-pocahontas-central-park-conservancy

Rickey, C. (1995, June 18). Disney's 'Pocahontas': Is it fact or fiction? What did she wear? Did she style her hair? Were she and John Smith a pair? philly.com. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150626153346/http://articles.philly.com/1995-06-18/entertainment/25692271_1_pocahontas-irene-bedard-powhatan-confederacy

Rountree, H.C. (1998).  Powhatan Indian women: The people Captain John Smith barely saw. Ethnohistory, 45(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.2307/483170

Rountree, H. (2020, December 7). Marriage in Early Virginia Indian Society – Encyclopedia Virginia. Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/marriage-in-early-virginia-indian-society/

Sito, T. (1996). Fight to the death, but don’t hurt anybody! Memories of political correctness. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.7/articles/sito1.7.html

Smith, J. (1624/1907). Generall historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles: Together with the true travels, adventures and observations, and a sea grammar. Macmillan.

Stack, P. (1995, June 18). Disney's new animated feature / Meryl who? Pocahontas has summer's steamiest romance. SFGATE. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Disney-s-new-animated-feature-Meryl-Who-3030920.php

Steed, K. (2014, October 7). Interview with Glen Keane, Disney veteran and legendary animation artist (Part 1). Skwigly. Retrieved June 19, 2022, from https://www.skwigly.co.uk/glen-keane-interview/

Sterbenz, C. (2014, April 5). The real story of Pocahontas is much darker than the Disney movie. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/the-real-story-of-pocahontas-2014-4

Strong, P. T. (1995, June 30). Review of Pocahontas [Blog post]. Popular Culture and American Culture Associations/H-Net Discussion List.

Ziebarth, C. (2005, December 19). A conversation with Eric Goldberg. Animated Views. https://animatedviews.com/2005/a-conversation-with-eric-goldberg-2/

Thanks to Katie Seelen for her research assistance. 

Another critical and commercial success of the Disney Renaissance, The Lion King (1994) was a beast at the box office and on home video. It was also the first animated Disney animated film set in Africa. Despite (relatively) diverse casting and the incorporation of authentic African music, there's still plenty of racism to discuss, with some homophobia and questionable political commentary thrown in! 

Episode Bibliography

BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Disney settles Lion song dispute. (2006, February 16). BBC News. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4721564.stm

Bradley, B. (2015, January 27). Was 'The Lion King' Copied From A Japanese Cartoon? Here's The Real Story. HuffPost. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lion-king-kimba_n_6272316

Carter Jackson, K. (2019, July 17). The true story behind ‘The Lion King.’ The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/07/17/true-story-behind-lion-king/

Červinka, P. (2015, April 24). The Making of The Lion King. YouTube. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFL5xbxc0AY

Daly, S. (1994, July 8). Mane Attraction. Entertainment Weekly, (230). https://web.archive.org/web/20140904092026/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302837,00.html

Deneroff, H., & Ladd, F. (2009). Footnote to History: Kimba versus Simba - The Uproar. In Astro Boy and Anime Come to the Americas: An Insider's View of the Birth of a Pop Culture Phenomenon (pp. 62-64). McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.

Denham, H. (2019, July 26). Lion King: There's a 25-year-old intellectual property dispute surrounding the Disney film. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/26/lion-king-has-been-clouded-by-intellectual-property-controversy-years-heres-story-behind-it/

Ebert, R. (1994, June 24). The Lion King movie review & film summary (1994). Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-lion-king-1994

Elahi, B. (2001). Pride Lands: The Lion King, Proposition 187, and White Resentment. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, 57(3), 121-152. doi: 0.1353/arq.2001.0001

Fallon, K. (2014, June 24). 'The Lion King' Turns 20: Every Crazy, Weird Fact About the Disney Classic. The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 28, 2022, from https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lion-king-turns-20-every-crazy-weird-fact-about-the-disney-classic

Gavin, R.  (1996). "The Lion King" and "Hamlet": A homecoming for the exiled child. The Universe of Literature, 85(3), 55-57. 

Giddings, S. (1999). The circle of life: Nature and representation in Disney's The Lion King. Third Text, 49, 83-92. doi: 10.1080/09528829908576825

Giles Coren, G. (1994, July 20). Disney's Heart of Darkness. The Times, 12.

Gooding-Williams, R.  (1995). Disney in Africa and the inner city: On race and space in The Lion King. Social Identities, 1(2).

Hahn, D. (Director). (2011). The Lion King A Memoir Don Hahn [Film]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoaPT4ijS-U

Hinson, H. (1994, June 24). WashingtonPost.com: 'The Lion King'. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/review96/lionkinghin.htm

Japanese animator protests 'Lion King'. (1994, August 18). UPI.com. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/08/18/Japanese-animator-protests-Lion-King/4250777182400/

Klass, P. (1994, June 19). A ‘Bambi’ for the 90's, via Shakespeare. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/movies/film-view-a-bambi-for-the-90-s-via-shakespeare.html

Kelts, R. (2007). Japanamerica: How Japanese Pop Culture Has Invaded the U.S. St. Martin's Publishing Group.

King, S. (2011, September 15). A 'Lion's' Tale. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20111024102445/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/15/entertainment/la-et-lion-king-20110915

Knolle, S. (2014, June 14). 'The Lion King': 20 Things You Didn't Know About the Disney Classic. Moviefone. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140617142313/http://news.moviefone.com/2014/06/14/lion-king-facts/

Kring, J. (2019, July 19). How the Original 'Lion King' Came to Life. The Ringer. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/7/19/20699678/the-lion-king-original-animation-1994

The Lion King. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion_King

The Lion King. (2000, December 8). Rolling Stone. https://web.archive.org/web/20080429201931/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5947315/review/5947316/the_lion_king

The Lion King (1994). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0110357/

The Lion King (1994). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0110357/?ref_=bo_se_r_1

Maslin, J. (1994, June 15). Review/Film; The Hero Within The Child Within. The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/15/movies/review-film-the-hero-within-the-child-within.html

Masters, K. (2014, April 9). The Epic Disney Blow-Up of 1994: Eisner, Katzenberg and Ovitz 20 Years Later. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/epic-disney-blow-up-1994-694476/

Mikkelson, D. (1996, December 31). Is the Word 'Sex' Hidden in 'The Lion King'? Snopes.com. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-lion-king/

Minkoff, R., & Allers, R. (Directors). (1994). The Lion King [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Morton, J. (1996). Simba's revolution: Revisiting history and class in The Lion King. Social Identities, 2(2).

Movieclips. (2016, August 16). In the Heat of the Night (4/10) Movie CLIP - They Call Me Mr. Tibbs (1967) HD. YouTube. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6n8VyqaCQ4

Orenstein, N. (2014, September 15). Berkeley's colony of spotted hyenas closes after 30 years. Berkeleyside. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.berkeleyside.org/2014/09/15/berkeleys-captive-colony-of-spotted-hyenas-closes-after-30-years?doing_wp_cron=1652051660.0969309806823730468750

Rachele. (n.d.). "The Lion King," - an adult film? ENG 1131 Shakespeare Through Media. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from http://plaza.ufl.edu/r.harvey/finalpaper.html

Ricker, A.  (1996). The Lion King animated storybook: A case study of aesthetic and economic power. Critical Arts, 10(1).

Rob Minkoff. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Minkoff

Roth, M. (1996, March). The Lion King A short history of Disney-fascism. Jump Cut, (40), 15-20. http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC40folder/LionKing.html

Roth, M. (2005). Man is in the Forest: Humans and Nature in Bambi and The Lion King. Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture, (9). Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_9/roth.html

Siskel, G., & Ebert, R. (2019, February 22). Speed, The Lion King, The Endless Summer II, City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold, 1994 – Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://siskelebert.org/?p=5412

Stenberg, D. (1996). The circle of life and the chain of being: Shakespearean motifs in “The Lion King.” Shakespeare Bulletin, 14(2), 36-37.

Strzelczyk, F.  (2008). Fascism and family entertainment. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 25(3), 196-211. doi: 10.1080/10509200601091433

Takeuchi, H. (n.d.). Kimba the White Lion. Wikipedia. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimba_the_White_Lion

TLKCoL. (2017, March 24). Pride of The Lion King | Behind the Scenes Documentary (Making of). YouTube. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLD2gZhmoU

Visram, T. (2019, July 19). Disney replaced the first Lion King's racist hyenas. Fast Company. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://www.fastcompany.com/90379067/critics-said-the-first-lion-kings-hyenas-were-problematic-disney-revamped-them

Ward, A. R.  (1996). The Lion King's mythic narrative. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 23(4).

Willman, C. (1994, May 15). SUMMER SNEAKS '94 : You Can't Hide His Lion Eyes : It's no coincidence that Disney's latest jungle villain bears a wicked resemblance to Jeremy Irons; just ask the animator. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20141109000340/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-05-15/entertainment/ca-57883_1_jeremy-irons

Wong, V.  (1999). Deconstructing Walt Disney's “The Lion King.” Kinema: A Journal for Film and Audiovisual Media, 1-7. doi: 10.15353/kinema.vi.895

Thanks to Katie Seelen for her research assistance. 

Erin and Rachel travel to the (problematically) imaginary land of Agrabah to discuss Aladdin (1992), debating whether this film can overcome its staggering orientalism to be the diamond in the rough we’d all like it to be. Highlights include Robin Williams, Howard Ashman, and Ottoman Empire fashion. 

Episode Bibliography

Addison, E. (1993). Saving other women from other men: Disney’s Aladdin. Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies, 11(31), 4–25.

Aladdin. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aladdin

Aladdin (1992 Disney film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)

Ant, C. (2015, October 23). The Definitive Guide to Aladdin's Genie Impressions. Laser Time. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from http://www.lasertimepodcast.com/2015/10/23/the-definitive-guide-to-aladdins-genie-impressions/

Artz, L. (2004). The righteousness of self-centered royals: The world according to Disney animation. Critical Arts, 18(1), 116-146. doi: 10.1080/02560240485310071

BBC. (2019, October 25). Iran cuts off man’s fingers for theft. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50179741

Bell, E. (1995). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture. Indiana University Press. 

Bourenane, A. (2020).  Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992). Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 13(2), 235–250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00021_1

Bowen, S. (2017, November 13). Yes, Aladdin is still racist. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/11/180902/aladdin-racist-disney-movie

Brockington, A. (2019, May 24). Aladdin’s Agrabah is based on many places, & that’s kind of the issue. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/05/233405/where-does-aladdin-take-place-agrabah-real-location

Buchanan, R. T. (2015, October 17). Peddler at beginning of Aladdin is the Genie, directors finally confirm. The Independent. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/peddler-at-beginning-of-aladdin-is-the-genie-directors-finally-confirm-a6697826.html

Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1992). Aladdin. Walt Disney Pictures.

Daly, S. (1992, December 4). Disney's Got a Brand-New Baghdad. EW.com. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20121019090423/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312562,00.html

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. 

Dudley, S. (2018, March 9). A Diamond in the Rough: The Making of Aladdin (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afqrFqn7PJg

Ebert, R. (1992, November 25). Aladdin movie review & film summary (1992). Roger Ebert. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/aladdin-1992

Feminism and Media — is aladdin as racist as the gerudos? (2019, April 11). Feminism and Media by feminismandmedia. Retrieved April 15, 2022, from https://feminismandmedia.tumblr.com/post/184122748699/is-aladdin-as-racist-as-the-gerudos

Fisher, M. (2012, April 25). The real roots of sexism in the Middle East (it’s not Islam, race, or ‘hate’). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/the-real-roots-of-sexism-in-the-middle-east-its-not-islam-race-or-hate/256362/

Fox, D. J. (1993, April 21). 'Aladdin' Becomes a $200-Million Genie for Disney : Movies: Studio's all-time top-grosser is the first animated feature to reach the box office milestone. And in its 23rd week of release, there still is no end in sight. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-04-21-ca-25327-story.html

Gamm, N. (2014, June 28). Crime and punishment: The Ottoman legal system. Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/crime-and-punishment-the-ottoman-legal-system-68371

Gillespie, S. A. (2012, February 21). John Musker Question Countdown - Number 9 — Howard Ashman. Howard Ashman. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.howardashman.com/blog/john-musker-question-countdown-number-9/

Glamour. (2019, December 10). Historian fact checks Aladdin’s wardrobe [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CUg424lmG4

Infidel Definition & Meaning. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infidel

Iran cuts off man's fingers for theft. (2019, October 25). BBC. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50179741

Johnson, Z. (2015, October 15). Disney Myths Debunked by Ron Clements and John Musker, Directors of The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Hercules. E! Online. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.eonline.com/news/706200/disney-myths-debunked-by-ron-clements-and-john-musker-directors-of-the-little-mermaid-aladdin-and-hercules

Kerboua, S. (2016). From Orientalism to neo-Orientalism: Early and contemporary constructions of Islam and the Muslim world. Intellectual Discourse, 24(1), 7-34.

Marielle, A. (2018, September 28). It's a Small and Historically Inaccurate World – The Daily Utah Chronicle. The Daily Utah Chronicle. Retrieved April 14, 2022, from https://dailyutahchronicle.com/2018/09/28/disney-films-are-an-introduction-to-culture-not-a-history-lesson/

Meslow, S. (2011, October 28). How Celebrities Took Over Cartoon Voice Acting. The Atlantic. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/10/how-celebrities-took-over-cartoon-voice-acting/247481/

Mikkelson, D. (2000, April 24). Did Aladdin Ask Teenagers to Take Off Their Clothes? Snopes. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/take-off-your-clothes/

Ness, M. (2016, January 21). Fairy Tale and the Other Realm as Social Commentary: “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp”. Tor.com. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/21/fairy-tale-and-the-other-realm-as-social-commentary-aladdin-and-the-wonderful-lamp/

Ness, M. (2016, January 28). I Could Show You the World, But I Won't: Disney's Aladdin. Tor.com. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/28/i-could-show-you-the-world-but-i-wont-disneys-aladdin/

One Thousand and One Nights. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights

Peirce, L. P. (1994). The imperial harem: Women and sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press.

Petsko, E. (2019, February 22). The Reason Why the Genie From Aladdin Is Blue. Mental Floss. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/574852/why-aladdin-genie-is-blue

Rahayu, M., Abdullah, I., & Udasmoro, W. (2015). ‘Aladdin’ from Arabian Nights to Disney: The change of discourse and ideology. Lingua, 17(1), 24–34.

Roberge, C. (1993, January 6). Aladdin animator used subtlety to design strong villain - The Tech. The Tech (MIT). Retrieved April 12, 2022, from http://tech.mit.edu/V112/N64/aladdin.64a.html

Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage.

Shaheen, J. (1993). Aladdin Animated Racism. Cinéaste, 20(1), 49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41687300

Travers, P. (2000, December 8). Aladdin. Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080618163432/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5947957/review/5947958/aladdin

Weisman, A. (2014, November 19). Robin Williams Disney Feud Led to Picasso Gift. Business Insider. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://www.businessinsider.com/robin-williams-disney-feud-picasso-gift-2014-11

Wiggin, K. D., & Smith, N. A. (2018). The Arabian nights: Their best-known tales. Lerner Publishing Group. 

Wingfield, M., & Karaman, B. (1995, March). Arab Stereotypes and American Educators. ADC.org. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.adc.org/arab-stereotypes-and-american-educators/

Yelenosky, J. (2016, April 15). Aladdin Informed Persuasion. faithrhetoric1030006. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://faithrhetoric1030006.wordpress.com/2016/04/15/aladdin-informed-persuasion/

Ziebarth, C. (2005, April 23). Aladdin: Crew Reunion – Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://animatedviews.com/2005/aladdin-crew-reunion/

A smashing success at the box office and awards shows, Beauty and the Beast (1991) confirmed that the Disney Renaissance had indeed arrived.  Despite its technical and narrative achievements, this film garnered heavy criticism from the feminists it sought to appease with a spunky heroine. Erin and Rachel discuss how Belle and her suitors reinforce that gendered violence is a tale as old as time. Oh, and also, is everyone gay?

Episode Bibliography

An American Tail: Fievel Goes West. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_American_Tail:_Fievel_Goes_West

Banks, M. (2021). De Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast: A feminist analysis. Journal of Literary Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies, 42(1), 

Beauty and the Beast (1946 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 25, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1946_film)

Beauty and the Beast (1991 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 23, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_film)

Beauty and the Beast Movie Channel. (2018, October 19). The Making of Beauty and the Beast. YouTube. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9SAisRqUW0

Beres, L. (1999). Beauty and the Beast: The romanticization of abuse in popular culture. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 2(2), 191-207.

Brode, D. (2006). Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment. University of Texas Press. 

Coates, L., Bonnah, S., & Richardson, C. (2019). Beauty and the Beast: Misrepresentation and social responses in fairy-tale romance and redemption. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 10(1), 119-136. DOI: 10.18357/ijcyfs101201918809

Cocteau, J. (Director). (1946). La belle et la bête [Film]. DisCina. 

Cummins, J. (1995). Romancing the plot: The real beast of Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Children's Literature Association Quarterly, 20(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0872

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. 

Downey, S. D. (1996). Feminine empowerment in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast. Women’s Studies in Communication, 19(2), 185–212.

Ebert, R. (1991, November 22). Beauty And The Beast movie review (1991). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991

Failes, I. (2021, November 15). 30 Years Ago: The CG Secrets of the Ballroom Sequence in 'Beauty and the Beast'. Cartoon Brew. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/30-years-ago-cg-secrets-ballroom-sequence-beauty-beast-145174.html

Griswold, J. (2004). The meanings of “Beauty & the Beast”: A handbook. Broadview Press.

Hahn, D., Schneider, P., Pacheco, P., & Bacon, C. (Directors). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

Hayes, M., & King, B. (2017, February 5). 5 Things You May Not Know About "Beauty And The Beast". The Odyssey Online. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/5-things-about-beauty-beast

Heatwole, A. (2016). Disney girlhood: Princess generations and Once Upon a Time. Studies in the Humanities, 43(1). 

Hinson, H. (1991, November 22). 'Beauty and the Beast'. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm

Jeffords, S. (1995). The curse of masculinity: Disney’s Beauty and the Beast. In Bell, E., Haas, L., & Sells, L. (Eds.), Mouse to Mermaid: The Politics of Film, Gender, and Culture (pp. 161-173). Indiana University Press.

Logan, M. H. (2018). Stockholm Syndrome: Held hostage by the one you love. Violence and Gender, 5(2), 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0076

Maas, M. K., & Bonomi, A. E. (2021). Love hurts? Identifying abuse in the virgin-beast trope of popular romantic fiction. Journal of Family Violence, 36, 511-522. 

Magnus, L. (2017), Beauty and the Beast – All four versions. Lulu Press, Inc.

MWH1980. (2016, December 6). Audio Commentary Commentation: Beauty and the Beast (1991) | The Entertainment Nut. The Entertainment Nut. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://theentertainmentnut.wordpress.com/2016/12/06/audio-commentary-commentation-beauty-and-the-beast-1991/

Ness, M. (2016, January 14). A Return to the Glory Days: Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Tor.com. Retrieved January 23, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/14/a-return-to-the-glory-days-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast/

Olson, K. M. (2013). An epideictic dimension of symbolic violence in Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Inter-generational lessons in romanticizing and tolerating intimate partner violence. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 99(4), 448-480, DOI: 10.1080/00335630.2013.835491 

Schwartz, D. (2017, March 24). How 'Beauty and the Beast' Became a Heartbreaking Metaphor for AIDS. Observer. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-metaphor-aids-howard-ashman/

Smith, K. E. (2018). ‘It’s a Pity and a Sin’: Images of Disability, Trauma and Subverted Power in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast. Word and Text: A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics, 8, 111-128.

Steeves, H. P. (2005). Yep, Gaston's gay: Disney and the beauty of beastly love. Popular Culture Review, 16(1), 125-145. 

Sumera, L. (2008). The mask of beauty: Masquerade theory and Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 26(1), 40-46. DOI: 10.1080/10509200600701156

Swan, S. S. (1999). Gothic drama in Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Subverting traditional romance by transcending the animal‐human paradox. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 16(3), 350-369. DOI: 10.1080/15295039909367100

Trousdale, G., & Wise, K.. (Directors). (1991). Beauty and the Beast [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Walker, L. E. (1979) The Battered Woman. Harper and Row.

Warner, M. (1995).  From the beast to the blonde: On fairy tales and their tellers. Vintage.

Travel to Australia with Erin and Rachel, where they’ll dissect The Rescuers Down Under (1990), a film full of native flora and fauna, but absolutely no native people. This box office flop was created using the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), but it’s impressive animated sequences couldn’t redeem the irregular pacing and lackluster characters. 

Episode Bibliography

Computer Animation Production System. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Animation_Production_System

Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 61–90). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Barry, C. (2011, August 16). Australia’s wildlife blackmarket trade. Australian Geographic. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2011/08/australias-wildlife-blackmarket-trade/

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Ebert, R. (1990, November 16). The Rescuers Down Under movie review (1990). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-rescuers-down-under-1990

Gabriel, M. (Director). (1990). The rescuers down under [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

A Guide to Using Respectful and Inclusive Language and Terminology. (n.d.). Narragunnawali. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.narragunnawali.org.au/about/terminology-guide

Harrison, M. (2019, November 20). The Rescuers Down Under: The Disney Renaissance's Lost Film. Den of Geek. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-rescuers-down-under-disney-renaissance-lost-film/

Hinman, C. (1990, November 19). DISNEY DIPS INTO LOCAL INKWELL FLORIDA ANIMATION TEAM LENDS HAND TO 'RESCUERS' 'RESCUERS'. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1990-11-19-9011180479-story.html

Hubka, D., Hovdestad, W., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Child maltreatment in Disney animated feature films: 1937-2006. The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 427-441. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2009.03.001

Korff, J. (2021, November 29). What is the correct term for Aboriginal people? Creative Spirits. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/people/how-to-name-aboriginal-people

MovieMation. (2017, November 30). What was Pixar's CAPS project? YouTube. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuhH5Is_Hq8

Murphy, P. D. (1995). "The whole wide world was scrubbed clean": The androcentric animation of denatured Disney.  In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 125-136). Indiana University Press. 

Ness, M. (2015, December 17). The Arrival of Computer Animation: The Rescuers Down Under. Tor.com. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2015/12/17/the-arrival-of-computer-animation-the-rescuers-down-under/

The Rescuers Down Under. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rescuers_Down_Under

The Rescuers Down Under | Disney Wiki | Fandom. (n.d.). Disney Wiki. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/The_Rescuers_Down_Under

Siskel, G. (1990, November 16). 'Rocky V' A Satisfying End to a Movie Nice Guy. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-11-16-9004050102-story.html

Tanner, L. R., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S., & Lund, L. K. (2003) Images of couples and families in Disney feature-length animated films. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(5), 355-373. DOI: 10.1080/01926180390223987

Taylor, D. (2020, December 16). 'The Rescuers Down Under': The Untold Story of How the Sequel Changed Disney Forever. Collider. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://collider.com/disney-rescuers-down-under-history-explained/

TeridaxXD001. (2021, October 5). CAPS (Computer Animation Production System) | Anime Superhero Forum. Anime Superhero News. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://animesuperhero.com/forums/threads/caps-computer-animation-production-system.5792136/

Towbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R. (2004). Images of gender, race, age, and sexual orientation in Disney feature-length animated films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. DOI: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02

Winston, T. P. (2010). A critique of the environmental savior trope in wildlife film (Unpublished master's thesis). Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/2559/WinstonT0510.pdf

Join Erin and Rachel under the sea for the first princess film in 30 years! The Little Mermaid (1989) marked the beginning of the Disney Renaissance, a period of renewed investment in animation at the Disney Corporation. With musical numbers from Broadway dynamos Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, the film smashed the box office, but did Princess Ariel smash the patriarchy?

Episode Bibliography

Andersen, H.C. (1836). The little mermaid. Retrieved December 21, 2021 from http://hca.gilead.org.il/li_merma.html

Barnd, N. B. (2013). White man's best friend: Race and privilege in Oliver and Company. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 67-82). McFarland.

Bell, E. (1995). Somatexts at the Disney shop: Constructing pentimentos of women’s animated bodies. In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 107-124). Indiana University Press. 

Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1989). The Little Mermaid [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Cohen, C. (2013, September 24). Interview with Actor Samuel E. Wright: Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Dinosaur and more. YouTube. Retrieved November 20, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y06cu-PCI_A

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Ebert, R. (1989, November 17). The Little Mermaid. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-little-mermaid-1989

Hahn, D. (Director). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

Howard Ashman. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Ashman

The Little Mermaid (1989 Film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid_(1989_film)#cite_ref-WDFAtimeline_21-2

MacKisack, M. (2021, June 26). How Disney artist Glen Keane draws when he has aphantasia. Fast Company. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.fastcompany.com/90649913/the-unusual-creative-process-of-the-artist-behind-the-little-mermaid-and-beauty-and-the-beast

Making The Little Mermaid. (2020). 80s Movies Rewind. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.fast-rewind.com/making_littlemermaid.htm

Maslin, J. (1989, November 15). Review/Film; Andersen's 'Mermaid,' by Way of Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/15/movies/review-film-andersen-s-mermaid-by-way-of-disney.html

McIntosh, N. (2018, July 17). The Making of the Little Mermaid 1989 - Treasures Untold - Retro N8. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdMMg6OSn1Q

Mikkelson, D. (1996, August 2). Does the Minister in ‘Little Mermaid’ Get an Erection? Snopes. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-aroused-minister/

Mikkelson, D. (1998, November 30). Was a Phallus Purposely Added to the Artwork for ‘The Little Mermaid’ VHS Cover? Snopes. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/phallus-purposely-added-artwork-little-mermaid-vhs-cover/

Murphy, P. D. (1995). "The whole wide world was scrubbed clean": The androcentric animation of denatured Disney.  In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 125-136). Indiana University Press. 

Ness, M. (2015, December 10). Disney's Renaissance: The Little Mermaid. Tor.com. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/12/10/disneys-renaissance-the-little-mermaid/

Neuwirth, A. (2003). Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies. Allworth Press. https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw/page/46/mode/2up

Original Walt Disney Storyboard Drawing From The Little Mermaid featuring Ariel and the Shark. (n.d.). Animation Sensations. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.animationsensations.com/original-disney-production-drawing-ariel-wdpclm06-4

Sells, L. (1995). "Where do the mermaids stand?" Voice and body in The Little Mermaid. In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 175-192). Indiana University Press. 

Siskel, G. (1989, November 17). 'Steel Magnolias' Uneven Version of Popular Play. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-11-17-8903100378-story.html

Tattoli, C. (2014, May 2). Disney's animated zombies: How classic stories are lost in reinvention. Salon. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.salon.com/2014/05/02/disneys_animated_zombies_how_classic_stories_are_lost_in_reinvention/

Trites, R. (1991). Disney's sub/version of The Little Mermaid. Journal of Popular Television and Film, 18(4), 14-5-59.

Variety Staff. (1988, December 31). The Little Mermaid. Variety. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://variety.com/1988/film/reviews/the-little-mermaid-1200427784/

Wright, S. (2018, September 19). Disney's Fascination with The Little Mermaid. WDW Info. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.wdwinfo.com/disneylandcalifornia/disneys-fascination-with-the-little-mermaid/

Once upon a time in New York City, a movie about dogs brought up a lot of questions about class, race, and gender. Erin revisits one of her favorite childhood films in this episode about Oliver & Company (1988), while Rachel remains steadfast in her stance that the lone kitten is the only good part. 

Episode Bibliography

Abramovitz, M., & Hopkins, T. (1983). Reaganomics and the welfare state. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 10(4), 563-578. 

Bailey, B. (2017). Greetings and compliments or street harassment? Competing evaluations of street remarks in a recorded collection. Discourse & Society, 28(4), 353-373

Barnd, N. B. (2013). White Man's Best Friend: Race and Privilege in Oliver and Company. In Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability (pp. 67-82). McFarland, Inc. 

Biography.com Editors. (2020, March 4). Charles Dickens Biography. Biography.  https://www.biography.com/writer/charles-dickens

Fleming, P.C. (2016). Dickens, Disney, Oliver, and Company: Adaptation in a corporate media age. Children's Literature Association Quarterly 41(2), 182-198. doi:10.1353/chq.2016.0025.

John, C. (1988, November 13). FILM; 'Oliver & Company' Gives Dickens A Disney Twist urban scene from an appropriate rooftop. New York Times, 22.

Lohnes, K. (2020, May 5). Oliver Twist. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oliver-Twist-novel-by-Dickens

Ness, M. (2015, November 19). Production Changes: Disney’s Oliver and Company. Tor.com. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/11/19/production-changes-disneys-oliver-and-company/

Noyer, J. (2009, February 2). Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver & Company’s Composer J.A.C. Redford! Animated Views. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://animatedviews.com/2009/oliver-co-composer-jac-redford/

Noyer, J. (2009, February 3). Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver & Company’s Director George Scribner! Animated Views. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://animatedviews.com/2009/once-upon-a-time-in-new-york-city-oliver-companys-director-george-scribner/

Oliver & Company. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_%26_Company

Oliver & Company. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=m_ttfc_tt

The Opportunity Agenda. (2021). Narrative shift: From the War on Poverty to “ending welfare as we know it.” The Opportunity Agenda. https://www.opportunityagenda.org/shifting-narrative/narrative-shift-war-poverty

Peterson, W.C. (1988). The macroeconomic legacy of Reaganomics. Journal of Economic Issues, 22(1), 1-16. 

Schettino, F., & Khan, H.A. (2020). Income polarization in the USA: What happened to the middle class in the last few decades? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53, 149-161.

Scribner, G. (Director). (1988). Oliver & Company [Film]. Walt Disney Feature Animation.

Vera-Gray, F. (2016). Men’s stranger intrusions: Rethinking street harassment. Women’s Studies International Forum, 58(September-October), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.04.001

Wegner, R., Antonia, A., Pierce, J., Pegram, S.E., & Woerner, J. (2015). Sexual assault perpetrators’ justifications for their actions: Relationships to rape supportive attitudes, incident characteristics, and future perpetration. Violence Against Women, 21(8), 1018-1037. doi: 10.1177/1077801215589380

Thanks to its impressive technological innovation and astounding attention to detail, Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) achieved commercial and critical success under the Touchstone Pictures film label. Erin and Rachel debate whether the clever script and filmmaking can adequately compensate for offensive content. Importantly, they also consider whether Jessica Rabbit is actually bad, or just drawn that way. 

Episode Bibliography

Arbeiter, M. (2018, June 21). 15 Things You Might Not Know About Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Mental Floss. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/62910/15-things-you-might-not-know-about-who-framed-roger-rabbit

Corliss, R. (1988, June 27). Cinema: Creatures of A Subhuman Species Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Time. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,967766-1,00.html

Dirks, T. (1996). Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). Filmsite. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.filmsite.org/whof.html

Ebert, R. (1988, June 22). Who Framed Roger Rabbit. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/who-framed-roger-rabbit-1988

Howe, D. (1988, June 24). 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit?' (PG). The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/whoframedrogerrabbitpghowe_a0b16f.htm

jpo. (2016, November 13). Siskel & Ebert - Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). YouTube. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Bwyuw7igyk

Lassek, W.D., & Gaulin, S.J.C. (2016). What makes Jessica Rabbit sexy? Contrasting roles of waist and hip size. Evolutionary Psychology, 14(2), https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy01.ursus.maine.edu/10.1177/1474704916643459

Loughrey, C. (2018, June 22). Who Framed Roger Rabbit? at 30: The feminist appeal of Jessica Rabbit. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/who-framed-roger-rabbit-30th-anniversary-jessica-feminism-appeal-a8411501.html

Siskel, G. (1988, July 3). Tooned In. Chicago Tribune, 59.

Soloman, C. (1988, June 22). The Animated Arena of ‘Roger Rabbit’ : Integration of Cartoons With Live Action Will Set Standard. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-22-ca-4589-story.html

Who Framed Roger Rabbit. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit

Wolf, S. (2008). Don Hahn talks about "Who Framed Roger Rabbit?" MouseClubhouse.com. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://archive.md/20120908053504/http://www.mouseclubhouse.com/Interviews/don-hahn/don-hahn-beauty-roger-rabbit.htm#selection-107.0-111.38

Amid mounting pressure from new leadership, Disney animators ushered in a new era with its first ever computer-generated image (CGI) sequence in The Great Mouse Detective (1986). Erin and Rachel discuss their attraction to Disney characters and their puzzlement with the lengthy cabaret sequence in this Sherlock Holmes-inspired adventure film.

Episode Bibliography

Black, R.S., & Pretes, L. (2007). Victims and victors: Representation of physical disability on the silver screen. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 32(1), 66-83.

Bogdan, R., Biklen, D., Shapiro, A. & D. Spelkoman. (1982). The disabled: Media's monster. Social Policy, 13(2), 32-35.

Culhane, J. (1986, July 27). 'The Great Mouse Detective' Gives Clues to the Future of Disney Animation. The New York Times, 16.

Darnton, N. (1986, July 2). Film: 'The Great Mouse Detective'. The New York Times, 29.

Donnelly, C. E. (2016). Re-visioning negative archetypes of disability and deformity in fantasy: Wicked, Maleficent, and Game of Thrones. Disability Studies Quarterly, 36(4). 

Ebert, R. (1986, July 2). The Great Mouse Detective. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-great-mouse-detective-1986

Fanning, J. (2016, June 30). Did You Know? Unravel 8 Sneaky Facts from The Great Mouse Detective. D23. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://d23.com/did-you-know-unravel-9-sneaky-facts-from-the-great-mouse-detective/

Frayling, C. (2014). The Yellow Peril: Dr. Fu Manchu and the rise of Chinaphobia. Thames & Hudson.

Goldstein, A. O., Sobel, R. A., & Newman, G. R. (1999). Tobacco and alcohol use in G-rated children’s animated films. JAMA, 281(12), 1131-1136. doi:10.1001/jama.281.12.1131

The Great Mouse Detective. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Mouse_Detective

Korkis, J. (2011, February 23). How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One. Mouse Planet. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/9534/How_Basil_Saved_Disney_Feature_Animation_Part_One

Korkis, J. (2011, March 2). How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part Two. Mouse Planet. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/9549/How_Basil_Saved_Disney_Feature_Animation_Part_Two

Motamayor, R. (2020, April 2). Revisiting ‘The Great Mouse Detective’, the Unsung Kickstarter of the Disney Renaissance (And One of Disney’s Creepiest Movies). /Film. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.slashfilm.com/the-great-mouse-detective-revisited-2/

Ness, M. (2015, October 22). This, Too, Started With a Mouse. Tor.com. Retrieved August 26, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/22/this-too-started-with-a-mouse-disneys-the-great-mouse-detective/

Peraza, M. (2010, April 1). Basil of Baker Street. Ink and Paint Club. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from http://michaelperaza.blogspot.com/search/label/Basil%20of%20Baker%20Street

Siskel, G. (1986, August 8). Flick of Week: 'Vagabond' One of Finest Films in Years. Chicago Tribune.

Steinmetz, J. (1986, July 2). 'Great Mouse Detective': Vintage Disney, Updated. Chicago Tribune.

Tran, D. N. (2008, December 12). The Great Mouse Detective Film FAQ. Basilans.com. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from http://www.geocities.ws/basilians/library/faq/film.htm

Willistein, P. (1986, July 27). A Very Animated Fellow Candy Candido Lends Vocal Support to Some Memorable Disney Characters. The Morning Call.

Wire-frame model. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire-frame_model

In an episode bubbling over with Disney history, Erin and Rachel dive into The Black Cauldron (1985), also known as, “the film that almost killed Disney animation.” Amid corporate restructuring, another animator’s strike, and increasing competition at the box office, The Black Cauldron totally flopped. Erin and Rachel liked this film about as much as 1985 audiences did, and not just because of the misogyny and white-washed cast. Even innovative animation technology couldn’t save the meandering script and annoying characters.

Episode Bibliography

Berman, T., & Rich, R. (Directors). (1985). The Black Cauldron [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

The Black Cauldron. (1996, November 1). Filmtracks. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/black_cauldron.html

The Black Cauldron (film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Black_Cauldron_(film)

Black Cauldron, The (film). (2015, September 6). D23. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150906012122/https://d23.com/a-to-z/black-cauldron-the-film/

Butler, O. (1993). Parable of the sower. Four Walls Eight Windows.

Champlin, C. (1985, July 27). 'Cauldron': Words Away from the Pot of Gold. The Los Angeles Times.

The Chronicles of Prydain. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Prydain

Deja, A. (2013, February 9). Milt Kahl's Black Cauldron. Deja View. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2013/02/milt-kahls-black-cauldron.html

Diehl, B. (1985, June 15). Disney Pictures back to basics with fully-animated features. Ottawa Citizen, C6.

Ebert, R. (1985, July 24). The Black Cauldron. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-black-cauldron-1985

Fierce, R. (2015). Isn't it romantic? Sacrificing agency for romance in The Chronicles Of Prydain. Mythlore, (33) 2, 2015, p. 75.

Goodman, W. (1985, July 26). Screen: Disney's 'Black Cauldron'. The New York Times, C5.

Gregory, J. (2019, February 25). Ron Miller helped modernize Disney. So why do his successors get all the credit? Theme Park Tribune. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.themeparktribune.com/ron-miller-helped-modernize-disney-so-why-do-his-successors-get-all-the-credit/

Hahn, D., Schneider, P., Pacheco, P., & Bacon, C. (Directors). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

Harmetz, A. (1978, August 10). Disney film far behind schedule. The Register-Guard, 9C.

Hill, J. (2006, February 9). "The Black Cauldron": What went wrong. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2006/02/10/712.aspx

Hill, J. (2010, September 10). Why For did Disney's "The Black Cauldron" fail to connect with audiences back in 1985? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2010/09/10/why-for-did-quot-the-black-cauldron-quot-fail-at-the-box-office.aspx

Hulett, S. (2014, August 29). ‘Mouse in Transition’: Rodent Detectives and Studio Strikes (Chapter 11). Cartoon Brew. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/promote-article/mouse-in-transition-rodent-detectives-and-studio-strikes-chapter-11-103143.html

Kenton, W. (2020, January 30). Corporate Raider. Investopedia. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-raider.asp#:~:text=A%20corporate%20raider%20is%20an,the%20company's%20leadership%20and%20management.

Kois, D. (2010, October 19). The Black Cauldron: Is the movie that almost killed Disney animation really that bad? Slate. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/dvdextras/2010/10/the_black_cauldron.single.html

Lloyd Alexander Interview Transcript. (n.d.). Scholastic. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/lloyd-alexander-interview-transcript/

Mallory, M. (2012, September 7). John and Ron Mention 'The Unmentionable'. Animation Magazine. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.animationmagazine.net/top-stories/john-and-ron-mention-the-unmentionable/

Ness, M. (2015, October 8). A Demoralizing Disaster: Disney's The Black Cauldron. Tor.com. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/08/a-demoralizing-disaster-disneys-the-black-cauldron/

Peraza, M. (2010, September 9). Cauldron of Chaos. Ink and Paint Club. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://michaelperaza.blogspot.com/search/label/Black%20Cauldron

Ron W. Miller. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_W._Miller

Sito, T. (n.d.). The '50s Through the '90s. The Animation Guild. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/the50s-the90s/

Solomon, C. (1985, July 27). 'Cauldron' a Treat for Kidvid-Sore Eyes. The Los Angeles Times, 44.

Erin and Rachel unpack The Fox and the Hound (1981), the most expensive Disney animated film up to that point, due largely to conflict amongst the film makers. They discover that even a movie about the best of friends isn’t immune to racism in the form of Black stereotypes and underlying messages about segregation. 

Episode Bibliography

Associated Press. (1977, July 19). A New Generation of Animators is Taking Over at Disney Studios. The Baltimore Sun, 20.

Benson, S. (1981, July 10). 'Fox, Hound' Cuts No Corners. The Los Angeles Times, 96.

Berman, T., Rich, R., & Stevens, A. (Directors). (1981). The Fox and the Hound [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Canby, V. (1981, July 10). The Fox and the Hound. The New York Times, 5.

Cawley, J. (n.d.). The Animated Films of Don Bluth: The Disney Years. Cataroo. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from http://www.cataroo.com/DBdis.html

Corliss, R. (1981, July 20). Cinema: The New Generation Comes of Age. TIME. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954873-1,00.html

Don Bluth. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 27, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Bluth

Ebert, R. (1981, January 1). The Fox and the Hound. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-fox-and-the-hound-1981

Entman, R. M., & Rojecki, A. (2001). The Black image in the White mind: Media and race in America. University of Chicago Press. 

Eric Larson. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Larson

The Fox and the Hound. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Hound#cite_note-Newsweek-1

The Fox and the Hound (novel). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Hound_(novel)

Glenn, C. L., & Cunningham, L. J. (2009). The Power o f Black Magic: The magical negro and white salvation in film. Journal o f Black Studies, 40(2), 135-152

Heidi Guedel. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0345726/. 

Hughey, M. W. (2009). Cinethetic Racism: White redemption and Black stereotypes in “Magical Negro” films. Social Problems, 56(2), 543-577.

Jacoby, K. (2001). Crimes against nature: Squatters, poachers, thieves and the hidden history of American conservation. University of California Press.

Jurado, K. G. (2013). The “magical Negro” in Disney film. [Master’s Thesis, Hawaii Pacific University]. ProQuest.

Linda Miller. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588818/

Longworth, K. [Host]. (2019, Oct. 21). 147: Hattie McDaniel (Six Degrees of Song  of the South, Episode 2) [Audio Podcast Episode]. In You Must Remember This. http://www.youmustrememberthispodcast.com

Lorna Cook. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0177170/

Mannix, D. P. (1967). The fox and the hound. Dutton.

Ness, M. (2015, September 24). Well, I'm Traumatized: The Fox and the Hound. Tor.com. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/09/24/well-im-traumatized-the-fox-and-the-hound/

Ness, M. (2015, October 1). Forbidden Friendships: Disney's The Fox and the Hound. Tor.com. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/01/forbidden-friendships-disneys-the-fox-and-the-hound/

Price, T. H. (2019). A cauldron of chaos and cultivation: Rediscovering Disney animation of the 1980s [Master’s Thesis, Chapman University]. ProQuest. 

Sito, T. (1998, November). Disney's The Fox and the Hound: The Coming of the Next Generation. Animation World Magazine, (3.8). https://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.8/3.8pages/3.8sitofox.html

Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.). Ashgate.

Wolfgang Reitherman. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Reitherman

In the third and final mini-episode (for now!), Erin and Rachel wrestle with the definition of "classic" literature and identify possible source material for the next great Disney animated film! 

For their second mini-episode, Erin and Rachel each identify their picks for best villain, best love interest, and best animal sidekick from the films they've reviewed so far. 

In this first miniature (or Minnie Mouse?) episode, Erin and Rachel each pitch an idea for a new Disney Park attraction based on the films they've watched so far.

Episode Bibliography

Olson, J. (2021, April 1). For the first time, all 4 Walt Disney World theme parks are led by women.10 Tampa Bay. https://www.wtsp.com/article/entertainment/walt-disney-world-led-by-women/67-86180d33-8e6c-4502-87ee-d78c6e7d25de

In their deconstruction of The Rescuers (1977), Erin and Rachel discuss orphans, alligators, and confederate symbolism. This film seemingly represents the first attempts of the Walt Disney Animation Studios to represent racial diversity and gender equality in any intentional or meaningful way, but how successful are they?

Episode Bibliography

Caroll, T.W. (2019). Revisiting second wave histories: New chronologies, geographies, and appraisals. Journal of Women’s History, 31(3), 136-146. 

Cawley, J. (2003, May 2). Don Bluth The Disney Years: The Rescuers. The Animated Films of Don Bluth. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015411/http://www.cataroo.com/DBrescu.html

Champlin, C. (1977, July 3). Animation: The Real Thing at Disney. The Los Angeles Times, 276.

Doty, M. (2015, February 10). Cruella de Vil's Comeback That Wasn't: See Long-Lost Sketches of Iconic Villain in 'The Rescuers' (Exclusive). Yahoo! Entertainment. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/cruella-de-vils-comeback-that-wasnt-see-110587473877.html

Lounsbery, J., Reitherman, W., & Stevens, A. (1977). The Rescuers [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Madame Medusa. (2011, March 2). The Disney Archives. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110302115813/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/villains/medusa/medusa.html

Mikkelson, D. (1999, January 13). Did a Topless Woman Appear in Disney’s ‘The Rescuers’? Snopes. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-rescuers-topless/

Myers, J.E.B. (2006). Child protection in America: Past, present, and future. Oxford University Press. 

Ness, M. (2015, September 17). Rescuing More than Just Small Girls and Teddy Bears: Disney’s The Rescuers. Tor.com. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/09/17/rescuing-more-than-just-small-girls-and-teddy-bears-disneys-the-rescuers/

Radloff, J. (2014, September 10). Why most Disney heroines don’t have mothers and so many more secrets from the Disney archives. Glamour. https://www.glamour.com/story/disney-secrets-beauty-and-the-beast

The Rescuers. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rescuers

Thomas, B. (1984, September 19). Walt Disney Productions Returns to Animation. The Lewiston Daily Sun, 28.

United Nations. (n.d.). World Conference of the International Women’s Year. https://www.un.org/en/conferences/women/mexico-city1975

Variety Staff. (1976, December 31). The Rescuers. Variety. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/

Wood, J.M. (2014, October 22). 27 Motherless Disney characters. Mental Floss. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59581/27-motherless-disney-characters

Venture into the Hundred Acre Wood with Erin and Rachel as they discuss the The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, the 1977 feature-length film that compiled three previously-released featurettes about a willy nilly silly old bear. The conversation touches on issues of gender and racism, but Rachel’s biggest qualm with this movie is the fat shaming directed at our favorite tubby cubby.  

Episode Bibliography

Dudley, S. (2016, August 1). The Many Adventures Of Winnie The Pooh: The Story Behind The Masterpiece. YouTube. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZJCW4GE_Fk&t=649s

Fanning, J. (2010, February 4). All Facts, No Fluff and Stuff. D23. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://archive.is/20120710135543/d23.disney.go.com/news/2010/02/all-facts-no-fluff-and-stuff/

Fanning, J. (2016, February 4). Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree: Did You Know? D23. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://d23.com/winnie-the-pooh-and-the-honey-tree-did-you-know/

Fanning, J. (2018, December 20). Did You Know? 9 Stuffed-With-Fluff Facts About Walt Disney’s Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. D23. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://d23.com/9-facts-about-winnie-the-pooh-and-the-blustery-day/

Greig, F. (2017, September 27). Winnie the Pooh’s surprising mental health themes explored. inews. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/winnie-the-pooh-mental-health-aa-milne-93148

Kortman, S. A., & Eckstein, D. (2004). Winnie-the-Pooh: A “honey-jar” for me and you. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 12(1), 67-77. 

The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Many_Adventures_of_Winnie_the_Pooh

Reitherman, W., & Lounsbery, J. (Directors). (1977). The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Sauer, P. (2017, November 6). How Winnie-the-Pooh Became a Household Name. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved January 30, 2021, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/winnie-pooh-became-household-bear-180967090/

Shea, S. E., Gordon, K., Hawkins, A., Kawchuk, J., & Smith, D. (2000, December 12). Pathology in the Hundred Acre Wood: A neurodevelopmental perspective on A.A. Milne. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163(12), 1557-1559. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.cmaj.ca/content/163/12/1557.full

Stanger, C. A. (1987). Winnie the Pooh through a feminist lens. The Lion and the Unicorn, 11(2), 34-50. 

Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_the_Blustery_Day

Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_the_Honey_Tree

Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_Tigger_Too

Erin and Rachel travel to Sherwood Forest and discuss Robin Hood (1973), the first Disney film to feature a cast entirely composed of anthropomorphized animals! Although their qualms with the film include the limited agency of female characters and the derision of fat characters, they also enjoyed the exciting plot and folksy music. 

Episode Bibliography

Asher-Perrin, E. (2018, April 18). The Robin Hood You Love is A Lie. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2018/04/18/the-robin-hood-you-love-is-a-lie/

Billington, D. (1973, December 22). Sir Hiss is the Show Stealer in Walt Disney's Robin Hood. The Gazette, 23.

Brown, N. (2015). Individualism and national identity in Disney’s early British films. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 188-200. 

Canby, V. (1973, November 9). Screen: 'Robin Hood': Animals and Birds Star in Disney Version The Program. The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/09/archives/screen-robin-hoodanimals-and-birds-star-in-disney-version-the.html

Cartoon Hangover. (2017, September 22). Every Recycled Disney Shot & Why - Snow White, Frozen, Toy Story, Moana and More - Cartoon Hangover. YouTube. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU21shbaVBo

Christ, J. (1973, November 12). Calling the Blind Man's Bluff. New York Magazine, 6(46), 88-91. https://books.google.com/books?id=0eYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q&f=false

Conradt, S. (2015, November 23). 11 Oo-De-Lally Facts About Robin Hood. Mental Floss. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/70981/11-oo-de-lally-facts-about-robin-hood

Finch, C. (1975). The Art of Walt Disney: from Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdoms. H.N. Abrams. https://archive.org/details/isbn_0810990075

Finn, W. (2007, July 22). ROBIN HOOD CONFIDENTIAL pt. 2 : Keith Ward's "Reynard the Fox". Will Finn Blog. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://willfinn.blogspot.com/2007/07/robin-hood-confidential-pt-2-keith.html

Gilbert, R. (1973, November 26). Movies Around Town. New York Magazine, 6(48), 13. https://books.google.com/books?id=yeYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hill, J. (2005, March 17). Why for? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/03/18/562.aspx

Jay, C. (1973, December 3). Cinema: Quick Cuts. Time Magazine. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,908239,00.html

Martin, C. (2018, February 18). Let's "Hear" It for Robin Hood. YouTube. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlBFtRrEDxXWGdSILXcDfLNdXj03zf0Ju

McBride, C. (2019, September 3). How Furries Became a Fandom. SYFY Wire. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/how-furries-became-a-fandom

Ness, M. (2016, September 22). Treading Ink: Disney's Robin Hood. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/treading-ink-disneys-robin-hood/

Padnick, S. (2013, December 31). “Those Impudent Musical Peasants!”—Disney’s Robin Hood. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2013/12/31/rewatching-robin-hood-disney/

Paschke, J. (2013, July). Where’s Robin Hood of Nottingham these days? British Heritage, 40-43.

Patten, F. (2012, July 15). Retrospective: An Illustrated Chronology of Furry Fandom, 1966–1996. flayrah. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://www.flayrah.com/4117/retrospective-illustrated-chronology-furry-fandom-1966-1996

Robin Hood (1973 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Hood_(1973_film)

Reitherman, W. (Director). (1973). Robin Hood [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Sampson, W. (2009, May 27). Taking Another Look at Robin Hood. Mouse Planet. Retrieved January 11, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/8821/Taking_Another_Look_at_Robin_Hood

Seal, G. (2009). The Robin Hood principle: Folklore, history, and the social bandit. Journal of Folklore Research, 46(1), 67-89.

Released three years after Walt Disney’s death, the 1970 animated film The AristoCats (yes, the “C” is capitalized!) marked the beginning of a new era for Walt Disney Animation Studios. Join Erin and Rachel as they discuss the tough questions such as, does everybody want to be a cat? 

Episode Bibliography

The Aristocats. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 22, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aristocats

The Aristocats. (2008, January 11). Disney Archives. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080111034150/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/aristocats/aristocats.html

Bruers, B. (2016, June 10). The Sherman Brothers about Walt Disney and Maurice Cheavlier (the making of the Aristocats). YouTube. Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eb09DeUxYRY

Ebert, R. (1971, January 1). The Aristocats. rogerebert.com. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-aristocats-1971

Geoghegan, T. (2012, April 2). Who, what, why: Why do we know Timbuktu? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17583772

Hector Berlioz. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Berlioz

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec

Hill, J. (2012, August 21). Would Walt's version of "The Aristocats" have been a bigger hit for Disney Studios? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved 12 27, 2020, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/08/21/would-walt-s-version-of-quot-the-aristocats-quot-have-been-a-bigger-hit-for-disney-studios.aspx#sthash.vb0zEDZT.dpuf

Marie. (n.d.). The Disney Wiki. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Marie#Trivia

Moja, B. (2018). The Aristocats (1970). In The Encyclopedia of Racism in American Films (pp. 29-30). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_Racism_in_American_F/c0NRDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=aristocats