Guest Quote:

“There's artificial intelligence and there's actual intelligence. And that actual intelligence, when it comes to analyzing data, I feel goes a really, really long way. True subject matter expertise.” - Amit Etkin

Timestamps:

*(00:00) Welcome to Neurotech Pub

*(00:45) Icebreaker: Unpopular Beliefs

*(05:36) Non-surgical brain activity recording and diagnostics

*(13:32) Understanding pain: Subjective reports vs. physical representations

*(16:33) Rethinking psychiatry and DSM alignment

*(21:07) Determining brain data needs and tool validation

*(26:47) The need for explainability in AI algorithms

*(35:49) Timescales in mental health interventions

*(41:22) Advice for aspiring neurotech researchers

*(46:25) Closing Thoughts 

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Guest Quote:

“And I think what we're trying to work on is the silicon hospital of the future with this capability, like the modern smartphone, that can reach everybody, regardless of income levels or borders.” - Mary Lou Jepsen

Timestamps:

*(00:00) Welcome to Neurotech Pub

*(00:06) Meet the Guests

*(02:48) Balancing Mentorship and Startup Demands

*(05:36) Interdisciplinary Challenges in Neurotech

*(07:11) Hardware Development and Efficiency

*(18:12) Medical Device Development and Regulatory Challenges

*(23:37) Technical Deep Dive: Optical and Acoustic Signatures

*(24:00) Ultrasound in Brain-Computer Interfaces

*(34:57) Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Mental Health

*(55:55) Understanding Stroke and Thrombectomy

*(56:51) Innovations in Cancer Treatment and Blood Flow Analysis

*(57:39) Challenges and Trials in Medical Technology

*(58:42) Open Source Medical Technology and Global Collaboration

*(58:59) The Evolution of Brain-Computer Interfaces

*(01:02:42) Advancements in Ultrasound Technology

*(01:03:39) The Role of MEMS and Silicon in Medical Devices

*(01:09:29) The Importance of Fundamental Research

*(01:14:48) The Future of Neurotechnology and Industry Trends

*(01:17:58) Advice for Aspiring Researchers and Entrepreneurs

*(01:29:41) Leadership and Transition in Tech Companies

*(01:40:07) Focused Research Organizations and Their Impact

*(01:46:08) Final Thoughts and Optimism for Neurotech

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Guest Quote:

“The message that I would want to send is, there is a future in which we look at neurotechnologies no differently than we look at cardiac pacemakers.

These are life saving devices, in many cases less invasive than a device that goes in your heart. There's no reason why  anybody wouldn't want to feel better. To be healthier mentally and just live a better quality of life. So that's what we're trying to enable” - Jacob Robinson

Show Notes:

*(00:00) Welcome to Neurotech Pub

*(00:46) Meet the Guests

*(02:45) Discussing Industry Competitors

*(09:54) Wireless Power Transfer in Medical Devices

*(16:38) Exploring Inductive and Magnetoelectric Power

*(27:35) Ultrasound in real-world devices

*(33:31) Patient Experience and Device Miniaturization

*(36:24) Designing for Patient Comfort and Practicality

*(38:20) Innovations in Power and Data Transmission

*(39:32) Miniaturization and Its Impact

*(41:12) Battery Technology in Medical Devices

*(43:19) Future of Implantable Batteries

*(45:16) Implanted Battery Companies Integer and Resonetics

*(46:31) Intermittent Stimulation and Therapy

*(49:28) Power Consumption in Future Implants

*(59:52) Data Transmission and Compression

*(01:05:42) Reflections on the Journey of Medical Innovation

*(01:08:36) Final Thoughts and Messages to Investors

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In part one we speculated on the legal and ethical implications of emerging technologies in the connectomics field. In part two, we don our lab coats and take a deep dive into the latest research tools, from fixation protocols for the preservation of neural tissue, to multimodal imaging techniques, to the machine intelligence designed to interpret massive data sets and reconstruct the vast neural circuits that make up the connectome. 

Our guests are: 

• Kenneth Hayworth, PhD, President and Co-Founder of the Brain Preservation Foundation, Senior Scientist at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Janelia Farm Research Campus (JFRC)
• Robert McIntyre, CEO at Nectome
• Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, PhD, Software Engineer–Connectomics at Google

In this episode, Ken and Robert from part one return to the pub, and we are also joined by Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, an engineer and researcher at Google, who shares insights into some of the machine intelligence modalities being used to decode previously uncharted neural networks. Check out Jeremy’s recent paper on BioRxiv, as well as his published work at Google. 

If you missed part one, you can listen and explore the show notes here. Cheers!

Show Notes: 

0:00 | Intro

1:03 | Kenneth Hayworth, PhD

1:12 | Robert McKintyre, CEO, Nectome

1:17 | Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, PhD

1:51 | Setting the record straight 

3:09 | The nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174

4:22 | Frozen Zoo at San Diego Zoo

12:01| Glutaraldehyde and reduction techniques for immunolabeling 

17:39 | SWITCH Framework

19:14 | Population Responses in V1 Encode Different Figures by Response Amplitude 

Enhanced mirror neuron network activity and effective connectivity during live interaction among female subjects 

Permeabilization-free en bloc immunohistochemistry for correlative microscopy 

19:57 | Synaptic Signaling in Learning and Memory 

Structure and function of a neocortical synapse 

Engineering a memory with LTD and LTP 

Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams 

20:28 | Ultrastructure of Dendritic Spines

Structure–stability–function relationships of dendritic spines 

24:25 | Reconstructing the connectome 

24:32 | Connectomics Research Team at Google 

24:55 | Google x HHMI: Releasing the Drosophila Hemibrain Connectome 

28:38 | Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy 

29:22 | Automated Serial Sections to Tape

29:45 | Mapping connections in mouse neocortex

30:59 | A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain 

32:14 | Expansion Microscopy

34:37 | The future of connectomics 

45:13 | Contribution of apical and basal dendrites to orientation encoding in mouse V1 L2/3 pyramidal neurons

49:49 | Mice and rats achieve similar levels of performance in an adaptive decision-making task 

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In this first installment of two episodes on Connectomics, host and Paradromics CEO Matt Angle kicks off a lively discussion on the rapidly accelerating research in the mapping, preservation, and reconstruction of the human connectome. We explore the ethical and legal ramifications of disruptive technology, and some of the unique challenges faced when driving innovation in emerging industries. 

Our guests are: 

• Nita Faraheny, JD, PhD, Everett Distinguished Professor of Law & Philosophy at Duke Law School, the Founding Director of Duke Science & Society, the Faculty Chair of the Duke MA in Bioethics & Science Policy, and principal investigator of SLAP Lab. 
• Kenneth Hayworth, PhD, President and Co-Founder of the Brain Preservation Foundation, Senior Scientist at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Janelia Farm Research Campus (JFRC)
• Robert McIntyre, CEO at Nectome

As an exciting new development since the recording of this episode, Nita recently published a book, The Battle for Your Brain, which examines many topics in neuroethics, from Connectomics to Brain-Computer Interfaces. It is currently available on Amazon.

Keep an eye out for part two in this series, which will take a deep dive into the latest technical and engineering innovations in the connectomics ecosystem. Coming soon!

Please be advised that this episode contains a brief discussion of assisted suicide in a medical setting.

Show Notes: 

0:00 | Episode Intro 

1:16 | Nita A. Farahany, JD, PhD

1:21 | Kenneth Hayworth, PhD

1:27 | Robert McKintyre, CEO, Nectome

1:56 | Meeting of the minds 

2:53 | Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation wins final phase of brain preservation prize

3:56 | The Brain Preservation Foundation

4:09 | Documentary series on the Brain Preservation Foundation

5:21 | Letter of Support for Aldehyde Stabilized Cryopreservation (and ‘next steps’ caveats)

5:51 | Nita's 2018 Neuroethics Ted Talk 

5:54 | International Neuroethics Society

6:25 | Connectomics & new paths in neuroscience 

8:10 | Allen Institute for Brain Science

8:47 | A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

9:33 | A visual intro to synaptic imaging in connectomics

10:28 | The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 

11:16 | Mouse Connectome Project at CIC

14:59 | Cryonics controversy 

19:00 | Death, taxes, and synapses 

20:51 | Uniform Law Commission

21:08 | The Uniform Determination of Death Act

24:25 | Watch Altered Carbon on Netflix

25:49 | Understanding the “Loss of Chance” Doctrine 

37:13 | Understanding Physician-Assisted Death, or ‘Death with Dignity’ 

40:21 | Euthanasia in the Netherlands

46:01 | Autonomy, Dignity, and Consent to Harm, Rutgers Law Review 

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Our guests are Amy Kruse, PhD, General Partner at Prime Movers Lab, Ram Gurumoorthy, PhD, Founder and CTO of Stimscience & Somnee, and Luis de Lecea, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.

This episode also features a video introduction to sleep stages by Paradromics Intern Zoe Lalji. This is essential viewing if you’re unfamiliar with the stages of sleep and want to follow along later in the episode.

Cheers!

Show Notes: 

00:00 | Episode intro with Matt Angle and Amy Kruse

1:07 | StimScience in Fast Company

5:05 | Learned Motor Patterns Are Replayed in Human Motor Cortex during Sleep

6:43 | Connect with Prime Movers Lab

7:01 | PML on Medium

7:45 | Introduction to Sleep Stages

References: 

Stages of Sleep Overview 

REM vs Non-REM Sleep

Sleep Walking

Benefits of REM Sleep

Consequences of low REM sleep

Importance of Deep Sleep

Check out Zoe’s nonprofit organization, ALS Heroes, and her Ted Talk

12:24 | Pulling all-nighters

12:50 | Amy Kruse, PhD

13:00 | Ram Gurumoorthy, PhD

13:07 | Stimscience, now Somnee

13:30 | Luis de Lecea, PhD

18:26 | Gordon Rule, PhD

18:40 | Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords (2004)

19:50 | Why do we sleep?

20:26 | Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain

20:35 | Sleep & DNA Repair

22:13 | Neural Activity can cause DNA damage

23:22 | Jerry Seigal

24:26 | DARPA Sleep Research

24:55 | Fur seals and sleep

25:08 | How do Whales and Dolphins Sleep Without Drowning?

25:54 | Putting Humans in Stasis Is the Best Way of Getting Us to Mars

27:36 | Sleep and Mortality

28:09 | The Sleeping Brain: Harnessing the Power of the Glymphatic System through Lifestyle Choices

28:27 | Giulio Tononi, MD, PhD

28:45 | Sleep, Memory, and Plasticity

28:52 | Sleep Cognition and Memory

29:00 | Sleeping up and down the phylogenetic tree

29:05 | Actually...worms do sleep

29:20 | Decoding sleep

29:36 | Fruit flies and their mini sleeps

29:44 | Mapping sleep in the brain

30:35 | Hypocretin-positive neurons

31:17 | Clearly Matt slept through his midterm... again

31:57 | The hypocretins/orexins: integrators of multiple physiological functions

32:05 | Stress-sleep interactions

33:30 | The Science of Narcolepsy

35:08 | Equivalence of sleep deprivation and intoxication | Additional reference

36:21 | Sleep Pressure: Homeostatic Sleep Drive 

40:38 | EEG Visualization of electrodermal activity during sleep

44:08 | Circuitry of Sleep Stages

45:00 | Regional slow waves and spindles in human sleep | Local sleep in awake rats

48:00 | Emerging Sleep Technologies

1:00:56 | Hypothalamus and Sleep

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Jan Scheuermann is an author and public speaker, and self-styled “professional lab rat.” She has spoken at DARPA, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and the National Convention of the ALS Association about her experience as a BCI trial participant at UPitt. She is the author of a fictional mystery novel, Sharp as a Cucumber, available on Amazon. You can find out more about Jan and book her for public speaking events on her website or connect with her on LinkedIn. 

Ian Burkhart is the President of the Ian Burkhart Foundation, which provides equipment not typically covered by insurance that improves independence for those with spinal cord injuries. He is also the Vice President of the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium, an advocacy organization that brings individuals with lived experience together with researchers to improve research, care, cure, and policy. In addition, Ian consults on medical device development and user interaction. Ian’s latest project is the BCI Pioneers Coalition, a platform to connect BCI users, researchers, industry, and other stakeholder groups to discuss the future of Brain Computer Interfaces. You can visit him on his website or connect with him on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram. 

Nathan Copeland is a neurotechnology consultant, speaker, and digital artist. He has spoken at numerous conventions around the world about his experiences in the lab and has been featured in many prominent publications including, but not limited to, Wired, MIT Tech Review, NPR, Fortune, and the Atlantic. He is the creator of the first BCI NFTs, available on OpenSea. You can connect with Nathan on Instagram, Twitter, and Linkedin. 

00:00 | Intro

0:14 | Neurotech Pub Episode 13: BCI Pioneers Part I

0:47 | Neurotech Pub Episode 10: Business Models in Neurotech

1:30 | BCI & Identity

1:30 | New Yorker - Do Brain Implants Change Your Identity?

2:09 | The Utah Array (Blackrock Neurotech)

16:05 | Learn more about Hector in Part 1

17:14 | Talking Form Factors

18:36 | CerePlex System

22:36 | Support Systems in BCI Adoption

38:35 | Get in Touch

38:54 | The Ian Burkhart Foundation

39:13 | Book Ian as a speaker

39:25 | North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium (NASCIC)

40:04 | Where to find Ian

40:19 | Contact Nathan

40:25 | Nathan on Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter

40:32 | Nathan's NFTs on OpenSea

Links to Jan’s lab photos and how to get in touch can be found here

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The Panel: 

Jan Scheuermann is an author and public speaker, and self-styled “professional lab rat.” She has spoken at DARPA, the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and the National Convention of the ALS Association about her experience as a BCI trial participant at UPitt. She is the author of a fictional mystery novel, Sharp as a Cucumber, available on Amazon. You can find out more about Jan and book her for public speaking events on her website or connect with her on LinkedIn. 

Ian Burkhart is the President of the Ian Burkhart Foundation, which provides equipment not typically covered by insurance that improves independence for those with spinal cord injuries. He is also the Vice President of the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium, an advocacy organization that brings individuals with lived experience together with researchers to improve research, care, cure, and policy. In addition, Ian consults on medical device development and user interaction. Ian’s latest project is the BCI Pioneers Coalition, a platform to connect BCI users, researchers, industry, and other stakeholder groups to discuss the future of Brain Computer Interfaces. You can visit him on his website or connect with him on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram. 

Nathan Copeland is a neurotechnology consultant, speaker, and digital artist. He has spoken at numerous conventions around the world about his experiences in the lab and has been featured in many prominent publications including, but not limited to, Wired, MIT Tech Review, NPR, Fortune, and the Atlantic. He is the creator of the first BCI NFTs, available on OpenSea. You can connect with Nathan on Instagram, Twitter, and Linkedin. 

00:00 | Intro

6:10 | Who came first?

7:07 | Jan Scheuermann

7:18 | Tim Hemmes & the UPitt/UPMC Team

8:05 | New Yorker profile of Jan and the UPitt team

8:55 | View Jan’s photos from the lab

10:10 | Nathan Copeland

13:00 | Parietal Cortex

13:22 | Saccade Movements

14:12 | The Pioneer Experience

16:04 | Neuro Life Study | Additional Reference | Interview with Ian | Archives of PMR

18:15 | Mirror Therapy

23:50 | Jan in the Pilot Seat

25:07 | Ian's Experience in the Car Simulator

25:53| Thinking About Thinking

31:24 | Jan's novel, Sharp as a Cucumber

37:37 | View Jan’s photos from the lab

38:04 | Andy Schwartz

38:45 | Nathan's NFTs

43:22 | Nathan's Instagram

45:03 | 15 Minutes of Fame

45:12 | A Presidential Greeting

45:45 | Jan on 60 Minutes

45:54 | Jan in SciAM

46:00 | Book Jan as a keynote speaker

46:32 | SfN

47:05 | Investment in BCI

47:17 | The Ian Burkhart Foundation

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This episode is part two of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD,  Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. Last time we talked about optical recording methods, but in this episode we focus on optical stimulation methods. 

Cheers!

Check out video and full transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-12-mind-control-with-lasers

00:00 | Intro

1:37 | Aspirational Papers

1:56 | Packer Lab 

2:10 | What is the claustrum?

2:30 | Ian's paper (but only part of it!)

3:02 | Two-Photon Bidirectional Control and Imaging In Vivo

3:29 | Inferring Spikes from Calcium Imaging

5:45 | Neuropixels are now in humans

7:12 | Paper by Pachitariu et al 

7:55 | Ian Oldenburg

10:02 | Kaufman Lab

11:21 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement

12:08 | Motor cortical dynamics shaped by multiple distinct subspaces during naturalistic behavior

12:33 | Tickling Cells with Light

14:41 | Light-activated ion channels for remote control of neuronal firing

14:50 | Remote Control of Behavior through Genetically Targeted Photostimulation of Neurons

15:20 | Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity

16:03 | Red-shifted Opsins

16:52 | eNpHR: a Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications

17:26 | Genetically Targeted Optical Control of an Endogenous G Protein-Coupled Receptor

18:16 | Neural Dust

18:41 | Wireless magnetothermal deep brain stimulation

19:05 | Neural Stimulation Through Ultrasound

19:20 | Methods and Modalities: Sculpting Light

21:35 | Recent advances in patterned photostimulation for optogenetics

22:50 | Two-photon microscopy is now over 30 years old (Denk 1990)

25:22 | Optical Recording State of the Art

27:06 | Challenges of Deep Tissue 2-Photon Imaging

28:21 | Deisseroth Lab

28:29 | Temporal Precision of Optical Stimulation

29:09 | Simultaneous all-optical manipulation and recording 

30:40 | Targeted Ablation in Somatosensory Cortex 

33:29 | Commercially Available Fast Opsins

34:41 | Recent paper from Deisseroth Lab

41:17 | Cortical layer–specific critical dynamics triggering perception

42:21 | The Utah Array from Blackrock Neurotech

44:52 | Principles of Corticocortical Communication

50:43 | The Cost of Cortical Computation

51:27 | Behaviour-dependent recruitment of long-range projection neurons in somatosensory cortex (2013) | Spatiotemporal convergence and divergence in the rat S1 "barrel" cortex (1987) | Diverse tuning underlies sparse activity in layer 2/3 vibrissal cortex of awake mice (2019) 

52:56 | Gollisch and Meister 2008

53:22 | Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP)

1:05:09 | Neurotech Pub Episode 11 -  Let There Be Light

1:05:20 | Forecasting the Future

1:05:41 | Temporally precise single-cell-resolution optogenetics

1:06:16 | Large Scale Ca++ Recordings from Vaziri Lab

1:07:11 | Cohen Lab

1:07:19 | All Optical Electrophysiology 

1:14:19 | Emiliani et al 2015

1:16:33 | All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits

1:16:53 | Mice Strains @ Jackson Lab

1:17:00 | The Allen Institute

1:20:39 | Neuroscience and Engineering Collaborations

1:18:39 | Nicolas Pegard

1:18:47 | Adesnik Lab

1:24:41 | Shenoy, Sahani, and Churchland 2013

1:24:52 | Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings

1:25:17 | Matlab: Understanding Kalman Filters

1:25:58 | Two-photon excitation microscopy

1:26:37 | Emiliani Lab Holography course

1:26:57 | Optics by Eugene Hecht

1:28:05 | Intro to Optics Course

1:29:41 | What the Heck Is a Claustrum?

1:33:53 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement

1:34:33 | Neural Manifolds and Learning

1:35:19 | Locked-in Syndrome

1:36:58 | Sabatini Lab

1:37:07 | Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using DBS

1:39:36 | Sliman Bensmaia | Nicho Hatsopoulos

1:39:43 | The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands

1:41:20 | Michael Long's singing rodents

1:42:12 | Engram

1:43:06 | Chang Lab

1:43:19 | Tim Gardner | Michale Fee

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This episode is one of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD,  Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. So far, our technical dives have focused mainly on direct electrical recording and stimulation of neural activity, but in this episode we deep dive into advantages that all-optical interfaces might have over electrical interfaces, and the challenges in developing them. 

In addition, we talk about running highly collaborative, interdisciplinary projects that span traditional physics and engineering with biology, a theme that is ever-present in neurotech and is also highlighted in part two of this series. 

Cheers!

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-11-let-there-be-light

Show Notes

Latest news & publications since recording: 

>> Hillman Lab: New publication on SCAPE in Nature Biomedical Engineering

>> Robinson Lab: Review article in Optica on Recent advances in lensless imaging

>> Robinson Lab: BioRxiv pre-print on in vivo fluorescence imaging

1:23 | The Heart and Soul of a Paper

2:32| Ultrasmall Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities

3:01 | Robinson Lab

4:01 | Hillman Lab

4:07 | Zuckerman Institute

4:15 | Schnitzer Lab

4:25 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute

4:41| Miniature Fluorescence Microscope

9:02 | Discovery of DNA Structure and Function

10:25 | Hodgkin–Huxley Equations

13:49 | Vessel Dilation in the Brain

16:03 | State of the art of Neural Optical Recording

18:03 | Long-Term Optical Access to an Estimated One Million Neurons in Mouse Cortex

24:56 | Watch the Crystal Skull video

27:45 | High-Speed Cellular-Resolution Light Beads Microscopy

29:54 | Relationship between spiking activity and calcium imaging

32:50 | Analytical & Quantitative Light Microscopy [AQLM]

32:59 | Imaging Structure & Function in the Nervous System

35:22 | NIH Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN)

35:54 | Allen Brain Atlas: Cell Types

40:17 | A Theory of Multineuronal Dimensionality, Dynamics and Measurement

46:19 | Dr. Laura Waller's DIY Diffuser Cam

50:38 | FlatCam by Robinson Lab

53:42 | Advantages of MEG

55:06| Random Access Two Photon Scanning Techniques

56:07 | Swept Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE)

58:47 | Optics Systems for Implantable BCIs

1:00:43 | GCaMP - Janelia GECI reagents

1:01:33 | DARPA NESD Program

1:04:06 | SCAPE Microscopy for High-Speed Volumetric Imaging of Behaving Organisms

1:07:00 | Glial Response to Implanted Electrodes

1:07:07 | Brain Tissue Responses to Neural Implants

1:09:36 | Two Deaths in Gene Therapy Trial for Rare Muscle Disease

1:10:46 | Intrinsic Optical Signal due to Blood Oxygenation

1:11:11 | Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal

1:12:10 | DARPA invests in Treating Mood Disorders

1:12:57 | Amygdalar Representations of Pain

1:13:48 | Fast Optical Signals: Principles, Methods, and Experimental Results

1:14:12 | Dr. Larry Cohen's early work in Neurophotonics

1:14:42 | Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Additional Resource

1:16:20 | Flavoprotein Fluorescence Imaging in Neonates | Additional Resource

1:18:02 | Pumped Probe Microscopy

1:19:26 | Biological Imaging of Chemical Bonds by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

1:19:36 | Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy (CARS)

1:19:55 | Min Lab @ Columbia

1:20:06 | Glucose Analog for Stimulated Raman Scattering

1:20:39 | Emerging Paradigms for Aspiring Neurotechnologists

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO Matt Angle sits down with fellow Founder/CEOs Carolina Aguilar, Brian Pepin, and Kunal Ghosh to talk shop about building cutting edge neurotech companies from the ground up. We dive deep into business strategies, the neurotech fundraising landscape, emerging therapeutics, and more. We also provide an insider’s view of the intersections of data, pharma, and med devices that are shaping the future of healthcare. Pour yourself a cold one and settle in!

Check out full video with transcript here: Check out video and a full episode transcript here. 

00:00 | Updates & News 

>> INBRAIN Neuroelectronics raised a $17M Series A 

>> Rune Labs raised a $22.8 Million Series A 

>> Inscopix Launched Cloud-Based Platform for Data Management and Analysis

2:15 | Meet the panel and pick up a book

1:54 | Jester King Brewery  

2:25 | Rune Labs  

2:50 | Neurostimulator for deep brain stimulation therapy  

3:23 | INBRAIN Neuroelectronics  

4:11 | Inscopix  

5:24 | Ursula K. Le Guin’s 'The Dispossessed'  

6:19 | Yuval Noah Harari’s 'Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind'  

6:32 | Daniel G. Miller’s 'The Tree of Knowledge'  

6:40 | Jiddu Krishnamurti’s 'The Book of Life'  

7:34 | Barack Obama’s 'A Promised Land,' ‘Dreams from my Father,’ & ‘The Audacity of Hope’  7:56 | Karl Popper’s 'The Open Society and Its Enemies'

9:25 | Venture Capital in Neurotech

34:44 | Business Strategy in Neurotech

40:32 | Tom Oxley, CEO, Synchron  

43:58 | Dr. Thomas Insel  

44:06 | Mindstrong Mental Health Care  

44:35 | Aduhelm controversy  

52:25 | Galvani Bio  

59:39 | Percept Neurostimulator  

1:00:32 | Neuromodulation and the future of treating brain disease  

1:07:21 | Software as a Medical Device FDA Guidance

1:09:12 | State of Animal Model Systems

1:14:28 | α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease  

1:18:01 | Alto Neuroscience  

1:18:36 | Flatiron Foundation  

1:18:45 | Gaurdent Health  

1:19:03 | Melanoma Trends & Rates

1:21:41 | The Pharma-Data-Device Ecosystem 

1:21:42 | Frank Fischer, Chairman of Neuropace  

1:22:28 | Neurotech Pub Season 1, Episode 9  

1:26:35 | Roche acquisition of Flatiron Health & merger with Foundation Medicine   

1:27:12 | Companion Diagnostics  

1:28:29 | Adhulem and PET imaging  

1:29:09 | Resignations at the FDA over Alzheimer’s Drug  

1:29:32 | Derek Lowe’s take on the Aducanumab Approval, FDA Committee Votes, Halting the Aducanumab Trials, & The FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Document on Aducanumab  

1:31:39 | Donanemab receives breakthrough therapy designation in 2021  

1:36:58 | Mapping the Frontal-Vagal Pathway  

1:37:09 | The Human Connectome Project  

1:40:07 | Teal Organizations and Holacracy  

1:41:18 | Society for Neuroscience  

1:44:37 | Affymetrix (Thermo Fisher Scientific)  

1:44:39 | Illumina

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with fellow Neurotech CEOs, Konstantinos Alataris, Frank Fischer, and Marcus Gerhardt. 

"We cover a lot in this discussion, but one of the big themes is how challenging it can be to raise money, to build neuro devices. This episode was originally recorded last winter, and it was instantly one of my favorite episodes. So like a fine wine, I laid it down until the time was right to share it with friends.

Since the episode was recorded, Nesos, Paradromics, and BlackRock all had major funding announcements. Nesos and BlackRock underwent rebranding campaigns, and NeuroPace went public on Nasdaq. This podcast was recorded during a bleak winter, but our optimism proved prescient. The podcast aged well, and now the field is the strongest, best funded, and most exciting that it's ever been. I know you'll enjoy the discussion."
- Matt Angle, CEO, Paradromics

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-9-building-and-funding-neurotech-companies

01:08 | Meeting Heros

08:02 | Company Origins: NeuroPace, Blackrock Neuro, and Nēsos

25:28 | Now vs Then, a Decade of Neurotech Entrepreneurship

1:04:50 | Investor Backing in Neurotech

1:20:44 | BCI Future Is Underway

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, brings together memory-researchers Nanthia Suthana (Assist. Prof. of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, UCLA School of Medicine) and Gyorgy Buzsaki (Biggs Professor of Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine), and scientist-entrepreneurs Dan Rizzuto (CEO of Nia Therapeutics) and Nick Halper (Co-Founder of Braingrade) to discuss memory, and memory enhancement applications of BCI.

Like many of you I approached, and to some extent still do approach, the concept of memory enhancement with skepticism. But the conversation today is going to be a grounded one, and I think you will see that there is some real science here that can give us reason to be cautiously optimistic about the future of memory and BCI. I hope you enjoy the episode.
- Matt Angle

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-8-the-drinks-bring-back-all-the-memories

00:43 | Guest Introductions

07:38 | Types of Memory

26:47 | Building a Memory Prosthetic

38:05 | Predicting the Future: BCI to Decode/Reconstruct Memory

46:26 | Clinical Evidence of Modulating Memory

1:02:52 | New Approaches For Enhancing Memory

1:17:48 | Closing the Research-Clinical Gap

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, brings together Karen Rommelfanger (Neurotech Ethicist, Strategist, and Associate Professor at Emory), Anna Wexler (Assistant Professor of Medical Ethics and Health Policy at UPenn), Ana Maiques (CEO of Neuroelectrics), and Stephanie Naufel Thacker (Technical Program Manager at Facebook Reality Labs). We talk about the role of ethicists in tech. Stephanie announces a new collaboration between Facebook and the Columbia NeuroRights program. We discuss data privacy, and I am mostly listening except for two excursions on 409A valuations and Disney’s The Little Mermaid.

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-7-neurotechnology-startups-and-the-e-word

00:30 | Guest Introductions
Karen Rommelfanger, PhD
Ana Maiques
Stephanie Naufel Thacker, PhD
Anna Wexler, PhD

01:00 | The E Word

27:29 | Innovative Businesses and Ethicists Collaboration

44:05 | What Neural Data Can Reveal

56:39 | Voices Not in the Room

1:01:18 | Eroding Privilege of Mind-Body Duality

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, discusses the science of olfaction with Andreas Schaefer, Gabe Lavella, and Dima Rinberg. Gabe and Dima also unveil their new startup, Canaery, which uses BCI-enhanced animals to digitize the olfactory world.
 
Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-6-cyborgs-that-smell

00:10 | Guest Introductions

00:43 | What They Wanted to Be When They Were 8 Years Old

09:21 | What You Don't Know About Olfaction That You Should 

16:17 | Dimensionality in Olfactory Space

22:26 | Architecture of the Olfactory System

31:24 | Natural and Artificial Olfaction

38:19 | State of the Art of Olfaction Neural Recording Modalities

46:21 | Engineered Olfactory Receptors

51:32 | Implications of High Data-Rate Olfactory BCI

1:06:19 | Olfaction Resources

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, discusses ethical considerations around brain-computer interfaces. Our guests are Tim Brown, Leigh Hochberg, Sydney Cash, and Amanda Pustilnik. A central theme in the discussions will be how neuroethics differ from traditional medical ethics or bioethics and what we can draw from other fields and experiences to prepare for a world where BCI is more prevalent and more powerful.

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-5-a-lawyer-a-philosopher-and-two-neurologists-walk-into-a-bar

00:15 | Guest Introductions
Amanda Pustilnik at Harvard Law

Dr. Tim Brown at University of Washington

Dr. Leigh Hochberg and Braingate

Dr. Syd Cash's Cortical Physiology Lab at MGH

01:00 | Innately-Held Unproven Moral Beliefs

01:00 | Neuroethics: A Field of Its Own

06:57 | Device vs Pharmacological Brain Therapies

21:01 | When Patients and Clinicians Don't See Eye-to-Eye

41:11 | Researchers' Burden in Equitable BCI Dissemination

51:05 | Data and Privacy in a BCI World

1:06:04 | Legal Brain Data Protections, or Lack Thereof

1:22:20 | Should BCI Eradicate Disability

1:35:36 | Balancing Near-Term Utility and Long-Term Harms

Neurotech Pub is a podcast from Paradromics Inc, that features heavy-hitters from academia and industry in the field of Neurotech. But unlike a traditional panel, we bring you conversations that would normally happen after the conference, while unwinding at the pub. We hope you have enjoyed this discussion, for more please checkout our other episodes.

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In this episode, Vikash Gilja reprises his role as Vikash Gilja. We are also joined by Konrad Kording, Chethan Pandarinath, and Carsen Stringer. We talk about how dimensionality reduction is used to better understand large scale neural recordings. This episode is fairly technical, but it contains many great references if you are interested in learning more. We open with a brief explainer video by Paradromics’ own Aditya Singh.

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-4-trading-spaces-dimensionality-reduction-for-neural-recordings

00:40 | Dimensionality Intro

04:42 | Podcast Start

07:50 | Janelia Research Campus

08:56 | Translational Neuroengineering Lab

09:35 | Stanford Neural Prosthetics Translational Lab

10:10 | Shenoy Lab

12:00 | Deep Brain Stimulation

12:57 | Chethan’s work on retinal prosthetics

15:00 | Immunology

15:20 | Jonathan Ruben

15:30 | Byron Yu

15:41 | Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit

18:00 | Joshua Tenenbaum

18:30 | Kording Lab at UPenn

18:46 | Neuromatch Academy

19:47 | Neuromatch Academy Q&A

21:21 | Dimensionality reduction for neural recordings

26:22 | The Curse of Dimensionality

30:11 | Principal Component Analysis

32:20 | Neural Firing as a Poisson Process

33:13 | Shared Variance Component Analysis

35:18 | Cross validation in large scale recording

38:29 | A theory of multineuronal dimensionality

39:10 | Random projections explained with visuals

42:24 | Correcting a reductionist bias

48:30 | Noise Correlations

49:35 | More on Noise Correlations

57:40 | LFADS

01:01:51 | What is a stationary process?

01:06:02 | Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics

01:06:46 | Task Specificity

01:07:28 | Lee Miller

01:08:18 | “I don’t know, I might be wrong”

01:13:16 | Neural Constraints on Learning

01:15:00 | A recent exciting paper from Yu and Batista Labs

01:19:01 | Hume on Causation

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Stuart Cogan, Vanessa Tolosa, Thomas Stieglitz, and Loren Rieth about how to protect neural implants from the harsh environment of the body. This discussion is all about longevity and endurance, and, fittingly, it’s almost 2 hours long. Loren leaves early for a faculty meeting--wonder if his colleagues know that he came straight from the pub?

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-3-connectors-cans-and-coatings

03:27 | UTD Neural Interfaces Lab

03:39 | EIC Labs

03:59 | Cogan’s highly-cited review paper

04:16 | Lawrence Livermore National Lab

04:56 | Rieth Lab at the Feinstein Institute

05:18 | Loren’s work with the Utah Array

05:39 | Human peripheral nerve stimulation

05:58 | Preclinical Vegus Nerve stimulation

06:11 | Stieglitz Lab

06:22 | Flexible Electrodes

06:41 | Long Lasting Electrodes

07:41 | Jerry Loeb: Materials Legend

08:29 | Phil Troyk

09:24 | North American Neuromodulation Society

10:44 | Melosh Lab at Stanford

12:53 | Packaging Development

17:02 | Helium Leak Test

19:01  | Work by Pancrazio

21:34 | Finetech-Brindley Stimulator

29:05 | Emerging technology @ University of Sydney

33:10 | Calvin and Hobbes

34:12 | Revolutionizing Prosthetics

35:00 | Canned Utah Array

35:35 | Flip-chip connecting

36:04 | Nick Donaldson: Mr. Clean

36:47 | Failure mode analysis

36:55 | Scaling up the Utah Array

37:54 | DARPA’s NESD Program

38:28 | High density Utah Array

39:52 | The Michigan Probe

40:00 | Vanessa’s work with Loren Frank

42:05 | Parylene C encapsulation

42:56 | Thin film

44:15 | Clean rooms

46:50 | NeuroRoots

47:28| Test structures

49:17 | Implant size

50:35 | Testing strategies

52:40 | NeuroNexus

53:59 | Tissue response studies

54:27 | Cogan Lab’s work on Silicon Carbide

56:10 | DARPA’s HAPTIX Program

56:30 | Reactive Accelerated Aging (RAA)

58:15 | RAA with hydrogen peroxide

58:55 | Deep Brain Stimulation

01:02:55 | Hydrolysis

01:09:00 | Silicon Carbide device

01:10:26 | Neuropixels collaboration

01:19:05 | Atomic Layer Deposition

01:26:55 | Focused research orgs

01:36:14 | Second Sight

01:43:48 | Search for Paradise by Jens Naumaunn

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Beata Jarosiewicz, Vikash Gilja, Sergey Stavisky, and Frank Willett about how brain computer interfaces can be used to restore communication in patients with tetraplegia. They take a deep dive into state of the art thought-to-text technology compared with the current state of speech decoding.

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-2-what-weve-got-here-is-failure-to-communicate

1:49 Braingate Clinical Trial Program |
2:32 Beata’s New Job at Neuralink |
2:43 Stanford Neural Prosthetics Translational Laboratory |
2:53 Leigh Hochberg |
3:05 Andy Schwartz |
5:14 2020 BCI Award|
8:44 Subjective Experience of Control |
10:39 Closed Loop Calibration |
12:08 Animal Models for Prosthesis Development |
14:21 Keyboard Optimization |
15:33 Tablet PC Control Papers | See Also |
16:01 Palm Pilot Graffiti |
16:24 Frank’s Preprint on Handwriting |
17:40 Video Abstract on Frank’s Work |
21:38 Penfield and Boldrey 1937 |
22:04 A Quick, Lay Summary of Penfield’s Work |
24:21 Hand Knob |
26:43 Output-Null Neural State Space Dimensions |
34:23 Matt Kaufman’s Work |
38:29 Vikash’s work with Paul Nuyujukian |
39:07 Mark Churchland |
42:01 Review Paper by Eb Fetz |
44:18 Chang Lab at UCSF |
44:46 Robert Knight’s Group on Speech Decoding | Imagined Speech |
50:38 Speech Decoding in Hand Knob |
50:55 Phoneme Decoding |
52:48 Auditory Decoding in NHPs |
54:58 Moses et al., 2019|
55:12 Makin et al., 2020 |
1:07:11 Nir’s Paper on Error Signals |

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In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Tim Harris, Cindy Chestek, and Philip "Flip" Sabes about the big programmatic challenges in neurotechnology. We talk about the differences between labs, startups, and large research consortia. We discuss the difference between neuroscience and neuroengineering, and Tim explains how one of the biggest breakthroughs in neurophysiology was the product of….lawyers.

Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-1-biologists-engineers-and-lawyers

2:04 Jester King Brewery, Dripping Springs, TX |
3:03 Bell Labs |
7:31  Michael Jordan |
9:05 Krishna Shenoy and Reid Harrison |
9:49 Stevenson's Law |
12:10 The Utah Array |
13:43 Neuropixels |
14:06 Dendrites by Nelson Sprusten, Greg Stuart, and Michael Häusser |
24:47 Low-power neural signal processing by Chestek Lab |
26:54 Spike sorting, Dimensionality, and Decoding |
27:30 Neural Task Complexity |
28:43 A 16-beam system that records ~1,000 neurons @ ~10 Hz |
32:16 The Braingate clinical trials |
34:15 Using Muscles as Bioelectronic Amplifiers in Peripheral Nerve Applications |
35:28 Jack Judy, University of Florida |
37:59 Touch Sensation |
38:06 DARPA HAPTIX Program |
39:22 Muscle Taco |
41:22 Janelia Research Campus |
45:59 Steliglitz Lab |
50:50 Power Consumption |
54:31 Eddie Chang and Chang Lab |
55:20 Buzsaki Paper |
55:45 BioRxiv pre-print on the Paradromics Argo System |
56:16 NeuroGrid: Recording Action Potentials from the Surface of the Brain |
1:01:30 Physical Principles for Scalable Neural Recording |
1:02:03 Pierebone lab’s work with DARPA |
1:04:18 Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrodes |
1:05:05 IMEC work with nanolaminate |
1:05:05 Picosun and Brown University |
1:05:16 Stuart Cogan |
1:05:18 Michel Maharbiz |
1:07: 08 Takashi Kozai and Daryl Kipke |
1:09:44 Utah Array, Blackrock Microsystems |
1:12:29 DBS for Depression |
1:18:37 The Sewing Machine |
1:22:32 Paradromics Laser Surgical Tool |
1:22:42 Recent Papers from Schaefer and Melosh Group |
1:23:46 Tim Gardner's work on Carbon Fiber Arrays |
1:23:54 Mechanics of Microwire Penetration |
1:25:38 FDA scientists work on Accelerated Aging | 

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